Natural Selection and Genetic Drift | Experiment

Natural Selection and Genetic throw ExperimentCamouflage LabEduardo PrezIntroductionIn 1859, an side of meat scientist named Charles Darwin published his book, On the Origin of Species. This book described his opening of Evolution, the subroutine by which populations of organisms castrate over time to adapt to their environment. Over the years, the Theory of Evolution has become unmatched of the most easily-supported and widely accepted scientific theories out on that point.The main purpose of this audition is to show how native woof and catching bollocks up look like when they are put into play. gibe to Dennis ONeil, anthropo poundy professor at Palomar College, natural selection is a series of events by which some organisms are born with random variations of a specific transmissible trait that gives those organisms an advantage in staying alive long enough to belong and successfully reproduce. HS1Over time, these organisms will have much offspring, causing a int erruption in the population to that trait (ONeil 2013). An subject of natural selection is the finches of the Galapagos Islands. each(prenominal) island has various food sources, and each species of bird has slightly different beaks that are better suited for consuming their food source. In his book, aliveness The information of Biology (2014), author David Sadava describes ancestral drift as the random edition of gene frequencies in a population due to chance events. An example of genetic drift would be an oil spill in a river populated by fish. The surviving fish will repopulate the river with their offspring who grant the same genetic variations.In this experiment, lower-ranking bead were put on a colored mat to f expiry for mussels in their environment. In the first-year part of the experiment, nonpareil team member was assigned as the oyster catcher and they selected beads one by one and take them from the environment to represent natural selection. In part two, b eads were randomly take forth by a pencil jailed in tape (a piece of driftwood vocation with mussels and killing them) which represented genetic drift. Both parts of the experiment were tell for three generations later on the surviving mussels repopulated the environment. The question being tested in this experiment was How do natural selection and genetic drift pertain populations of organisms? I hypothesized that the patrician and red beads would be the most unremarkably selected and buy foodd in the first part of the experiment, and that the beads would be removed in equal add togethers by the pencil wrapped in tape.Materials and MethodsThe two most important materials used in this research laboratory were the small colored beads, and the mat. Blue, pureness, discolor, and colour beads were used to represent mussels with different traits. x beads of each color were dictated in the environment to put down the experiment. The environment for the mussels was repres ented by the mat with a random background knowledge printed on it to camouflage the beads. For the second part of the experiment, a pencil was wrapped with masking tape (sticky side out), and used to represent a log crashing into the environment. The pencil was rolled along the mat to randomly pick up beads.To start off the experiment the person designated as oystercatcher removed beads one at a time from the mat and hardened them in petri dishes (independent variable). The oystercatcher was instructed to pick the first beads they saw, and to look away from the mat between selections. After 30 beads were removed and placed into a petri dish, the survivors were counted (dependent variable). The numbers of each color of bead was preserve, and that number of beads (x) plus 3x beads were added back to the mat to represent the repopulation of the species base on the number of survivors. These steps were usurped two more times, and the data recorded each time.In part two of the exp eriment, the pencil wrapped in tape was rolled along the mat to randomly select and remove beads until 30 beads were removed (independent variable). Then the same occasion used in part one to repopulate the environment was used in part two (dependent variable). These steps were restate two more times, and the data was recorded.ResultsI. Population of mussels over 3 generations after natural selection from oyster catcher.Oystercatcher DataSurvivorsTotalGeneration 17 atomic number 1973 = 2121+7 = 28280 puritanic0x3 = 00+0 = 002 light63 = 182+6 = 881purple13 = 31+3 = 44Generation 210 parking lot103 = 3030+10 = 40400 inconsolable0x3 = 00+0 = 000 white0x3 = 00+0 = 000 purple0x3 = 00+0 = 00Generation 310 green103 = 3030+10 = 40400 no-count0x3 = 00+0 = 000 white0x3 = 00+0 = 000 purple0x3 = 00+0 = 00When the beads were removed by the oyster catcher, the blue beads were completely removed from the map in dear one generation, and the purple and white beads were also driven extinct, only non until the second generation, leaving whole green beads at the end of the three generations.II. Population of mussels over three generations after genetic drift from log colliding with habitat.Oystercatcher DataSurvivorsTotalGeneration 12 green23 = 66+2 = 882 blue23 = 66+2 = 882 white23 = 66+2 = 884 purple43 = 1212+4 = 1616Generation 22 green23 = 66+2 = 881 blue13 = 33+1 = 444 white43 = 1212+4 = 16163 purple33 = 99+3 = 1212Generation 31 green13 = 33+1 = 441 blue13 = 33+1 = 447 white73 = 2121+7 = 28281 purple13 = 33+1 = 44When the beads were removed by the log, the survivors were more random and more equal than when removed by the oyster catcher. By the end of the experiment however, a majority of the survivors were yellowed beads.III. Population of mussels over 3 generations after natural selection from Oystercatcher.IV. Population of mussels over three generations after genetic drift from log colliding with habitat.DiscussionIn part one of the experiment, where the beads were selected and removed by the oystercatcher, the blue beads were immediately driven extinct, and the white and purple beads were driven extinct in only one more generation. This left only green beads by just the third generation. These results show that in natural selection, organisms chances of natural selection are based on how fit they are to survive in their environment. In this experiment, the blue beads did not blend into their environment very well, and they were eliminated immediately. The purple and white beads were also poorly camouflaged, and were eliminated very quickly as well. even so by the third generation, where there were only green beads left, the oystercatcher had a hard time finding 30 beads to remove, because the green beads were much more difficult to see in the environment. These findings could be applied to a real life environment, and used to predict how well certain organisms have adapted to their environment, and how an entire population will change over time because of natural selection.In part two of the experiment, the number of survivors was much more equally spread out between the different colors of beads. Although there were definitely more yellow beads than anything else by the end of the experiment, this outcome would be different every time you repeat the experiment, based on the survivors from earlier in the experiment. These results are consistent with the principles of genetic drift, where organisms are eliminated randomly from a population based on random occurrences like natural disasters and diseases. If for example, lightning struck an area with a high constriction of a particular type of mussel, over time, the number of that mussel would decrease because there are fewer mussels to reproduce.This experiment was limited to the use of basic lab materials in a lab setting, but it accurately represents data that would be collected from an actual environment out in nature. This experiment was only able to demonstr ate the effects of color and camouflage on the survival rates of an organism, but in reality, there are many new(prenominal) genetic variations which contribute to the fitness of an organism to its environment. An elephant, for example, may not be particularly well camouflaged, but its sheer size and strength second it to survive. Further research could be done to demonstrate the effects of new(prenominal) forces of evolution, as this experiment only involved genetic drift and natural selection.ConclusionThe data in this experiment supports the hypothesis that the blue and purple beads would be the most commonly eliminated by the oyster catcher, but the yellow beads were also driven extinct, leaving only green beads. The data somewhat supports the hypothesis that the beads would be removed in equal numbers by the log, although the population shifted to a majority of yellow beads by the end of the experiment. The same experiment could be repeated several times to obtain more data to prove or disprove this hypothesis.References ONeil, D. (2013). Early Theories of Evolution Darwin and Natural Selection. Retrieved August 29, 2016, from http//anthro.palomar.edu/evolve/evolve_2.htmSadava, D. E. (2014). Life The science of biology (10th ed.). Sunderland, MA Sinauer Associates.HS1Are these his exact words? If not, remove the quotes