Pretending by Queen Elizabeth and Othello’s Iago :: Othello essays

Pretending by Queen Elizabeth and Othello’s Iago In today's society, nothing is really what it seems.   Those great "free-bees" you win are never really free and no deal is really as good as it sounds.   Even people don't seem to be stable anymore because they are always changing to fit the current trend or to blend in with the newest "crowd".   They live their lives covered with a mask and they forget or don't want to be what is most important, themselves, and this is what is called pretending.   The idea of "pretending" is when someone "seems" or acts to be something they are not.   Although we see this happening a lot today, the act of pretending goes back much further.   The act of "pretending" has been used in a lot of early British literature, and it is here that we can see that it can be used for both good and evil purposes.   A good example of each of these is found in Elizabeth's life and writings, and Shakespeare's play, Othello, in the character of Iago.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although it is not that common, the act of pretending can be used in a good way.   This is seen in Queen Elizabeth.   Elizabeth Tudor came to the throne of England in 1558.   During this time, there was a great amount of religious upheaval because England was going through periods of Catholic and Protestant rule.   Elizabeth, being a woman on the throne, had to demonstrate to her people that she was fit to rule the country and would do everything for their best interest.   In order to do this, Elizabeth had to seem to be something she was not.   The Longman Anthology of British Literature states, "throughout her long reign she cultivated two personas . . . As a monarch, she could speak courageously...; as a woman, she could convey understanding..." (475).   In this respect, Elizabeth had to be strong and use her "pretending" for the good of the people, while not showing too much emotion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During her time as queen, Elizabeth addressed parliament both on the subjects of marriage and on her loyalty to her country.   Perhaps she did this because she was questioned about leaving an heir to the throne.   To answer this Elizabeth wrote, And albeit it might please Almighty God to continue me still in this mind to live out of the state of marriage. Pretending by Queen Elizabeth and Othello’s Iago :: Othello essays Pretending by Queen Elizabeth and Othello’s Iago In today's society, nothing is really what it seems.   Those great "free-bees" you win are never really free and no deal is really as good as it sounds.   Even people don't seem to be stable anymore because they are always changing to fit the current trend or to blend in with the newest "crowd".   They live their lives covered with a mask and they forget or don't want to be what is most important, themselves, and this is what is called pretending.   The idea of "pretending" is when someone "seems" or acts to be something they are not.   Although we see this happening a lot today, the act of pretending goes back much further.   The act of "pretending" has been used in a lot of early British literature, and it is here that we can see that it can be used for both good and evil purposes.   A good example of each of these is found in Elizabeth's life and writings, and Shakespeare's play, Othello, in the character of Iago.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although it is not that common, the act of pretending can be used in a good way.   This is seen in Queen Elizabeth.   Elizabeth Tudor came to the throne of England in 1558.   During this time, there was a great amount of religious upheaval because England was going through periods of Catholic and Protestant rule.   Elizabeth, being a woman on the throne, had to demonstrate to her people that she was fit to rule the country and would do everything for their best interest.   In order to do this, Elizabeth had to seem to be something she was not.   The Longman Anthology of British Literature states, "throughout her long reign she cultivated two personas . . . As a monarch, she could speak courageously...; as a woman, she could convey understanding..." (475).   In this respect, Elizabeth had to be strong and use her "pretending" for the good of the people, while not showing too much emotion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During her time as queen, Elizabeth addressed parliament both on the subjects of marriage and on her loyalty to her country.   Perhaps she did this because she was questioned about leaving an heir to the throne.   To answer this Elizabeth wrote, And albeit it might please Almighty God to continue me still in this mind to live out of the state of marriage.

Personal Ethics Statement Essay

My personal ethics statement includes my values and ideals important to me as an academic and in everyday life. My ethics are personal beliefs and morals that reflect and define the person I am. The decisions and choices I make every day should be consistent with integrity and respect toward others. These ethics will ensure my happiness and peace if I keep and hold these values. I believe the value of equality for people regardless of race, religion, and handicaps ensure that all people can be treated fairly. Treating people with respect and dignity while holding myself accountable to these principles will ensure that I treat others as I want to be treated. My preferred ethical lens is the reputation lens. I listen to my intuition and determine what character traits and virtues will best serve the community. The equality of a community is important to ensure a fair and balanced society for all. All people should contribute and develop a voice in a community by actively participating and finding common ground thru diversity. I believe in examining each situation in its own context rather than applying same solutions for the whole community. My blind spot possessing unrealistic role expectations either on myself or others means that I need to pay close attention to my expectations of other individuals. My expectations may not be the same as others, so not forgetting the people make mistakes same as me. Keeping in mind that I am not in control of every situation and that other people are capable of resolving problems or events that I may believe are only accomplishable by me. Trusting other people’s choices and decisions will help in overcoming this blind spot. My strengths include courage and steadiness in the face of obstacles. I avoid rash decisions and at the same time have courage to face unknown or untested waters. I value friendship and keep close connections with people I trust and value. I appreciate those who work alongside and help to encourage me. I value equality and demonstrate compassion for others in need. My weakness include; entitlement, hardness of heart, and confusion. Believing that I am entitled to special privileges and persuade others that my role gives me pecial rights are inconsistent with good character traits. Hardness of heart comes from experiences of people that did not live up to my expectations. I must develop and practice mindfulness not to be confused on the role that I am identified. Identifying my weakness is important, it allows for self-reflection and improvement. The values I hold, and the resultant behavior allows me to listen to my intuition and determine what traits and virtues will serve the community. My values define me and my behaviors are a reflection of whom I am. My behaviors also affect others in relationships either casual or professional. The choices I make are behaviors and reflect me. My personal ethics determine my course of action allowing me to see more clearly and finding balance in my life. Exploring and digging deep into my own emotions will allow me to discern decisions I make. Keeping an open and honest heart in all situations and reexamining my ethics will allow for improvement and correction. I believe that all these things will help keep me focused and grounded to help with better decision making and improve my quality of life.

Informative Speech Organ Donation and Transplant Essay

I. INTRODUCTION Every two hours someone dies waiting for an organ transplant. 18 people will die each day waiting for an organ. One organ donor can save up to 8 lives. . THE NEED IS REAL In Jan 2006 I began to lose my eyesight. A year later I became a candidate for cornea tissue transplant. I am a cornea tissue transplant recipient. As a result I felt is necessary to inform you about the history and facts on organ donation and transplantation. C. Audience Adaptation – Organ transplantation represents a unique partnership of thousands of people throughout the country working together to save lives. D. Thesis - Organ donation and Transplants are the most remarkable success stories in the history of medicine. They give hope to†¦show more content†¦For organ donation after death, a medical assessment will be done to determine what organs can be donated. You might have wondered about donating an organ -- either to a friend or relative who needs an organ right now, or by filling out an organ donor card. Before you decide to become an organ donor, here is some important information you need to consider. There are some organs you can give up all or part of without having long-term health issues. You can donate a whole kidney, or part of the pancreas, intestine, liver, or lung. Your body will compensate for the missing organ or organ part. If it is determined that donating an organ would put your health at risk in the short term or long term, then you would not be able to donate. There is no cost to donors or their families for organ or tissue donation. Its illegal to pay some one for an organ. Signing a donor card will not have an impact on the quality of medical care you get at a hospital. In fact, the when you are in a life-threatening situation, the medical team that is treating you is separate from the transplant team. A maximum effort to save your life will be made before an organ donation is considered. Organ donation begins with a person who recognizes an opportunity to help others, enrolls in a state donor registry, and shares the decision to be a donor with family members and friends. The culmination ofShow MoreRelatedInformation Processing Theory2744 Words   |  11 PagesEntertaining Speech An entertaining speech is one whose sole purpose is to have the audience enjoy the presentation. The purpose of an entertaining speech is not to educate, inform or inspire †¦ it is to make the audience smile, relax, enjoy and maybe even laugh their heads off. How do you make a speech entertaining? There are many ways to entertain an audience. You can: * tell jokes * tell funny stories * dramatize an anecdote * tell a scary story When it comes right down toRead MoreBlood Donation Essay935 Words   |  4 PagesInformative Speech Your Name: Tyra Manning-Grate Organization: Topical pattern. Topic: Blood Donation Rhetorical Purpose: To inform my audience on what to expect with blood donation. Redemptive Purpose: To inform my audience how the process of blood donation is simple but life changing for someone else. Exodus 24:8 Moses then took the blood, sprinkled it on the people and said, â€Å"This is the blood of the covenant that the LORD has made with you in accordance with allRead MoreHsm 542 Week 12 Discussion Essay45410 Words   |  182 Pagesthat the staff have an professional development with working lunch. The working lunch would cut back on staff member not able because of child care or schooling. The working lunch would all me as the owner to bring in outside presentors to give informative data and the lastes technology or ethic laws to help the staff and protect the patient for the best health care at my local for success. The working lunch for workshops or training will be schedule  monthly and suggestion of what food choiceRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesdata in a useful and informative manner. 4 Chapter 1 ââ€"   The Role of Statistics and the Data Analysis Process 4. Analyze the available data. 5. Draw conclusions, make decisions, and assess the risk of an incorrect decision. People informally use these steps to make everyday decisions. Should you go out for a sport that involves the risk of injury? Will your college club do better by trying to raise funds with a beneï ¬ t concert or with a direct appeal for donations? If you choose a particular

Sleep Is Essential On A Daily Basis Essay - 1189 Words

Maria Sanchez Mr. Haberstroh ENG 102 20 November 2016 Sleep Importance Sleep is essential on a daily basis. It allows the body to rest and replenish itself for the next day. These days, lack of sleep is a result of people not taking sleep seriously or having a lightly thought about sleep. Our sleep habits directly affect our life on a daily basis and it has an important role throughout our whole life. Not having the right amount of sleep every night can affect our mental and physical health. Having a better knowledge about what causes sleep problems can help us understand this issue more to depth. Lack of sleep can affect all kinds of audiences and bring health consequences to someone’s life, yet having the right amount of sleep can be very beneficial for someone’s health by improving lifestyle. Sleep is essential for all kinds of audiences. Being sleep deprived has a different effect in every individual. Sleep plays an important role in maintaining weight, losing weight and gaining weight. It helps control diet, fat cells, and cravings. S leep helps control diet, making it easier for people to eat healthier. People who have enough amount of sleep at night are less likely to feel hungrier, feel satisfied after meals, and have the energy to exercise (Shape Magazine). Lack of sleep can undo some of the dieting and the exercise efforts. Sleep helps control fat cells, yet when someone is sleep-deprived, the body suffers from something called â€Å"metabolic grogginess†,Show MoreRelatedInformative Speech On Sleep1328 Words   |  6 PagesTitle of Speech: The Importance of Sleep and the Effects It Can Have on Our Bodies Specific Purpose: My audience will understand the importance of sleep, the effects a lack of sleep can have on a person’s body, and ways to improve the quality of sleep. Thesis: Sleep plays an essential part in a person’s health and well-being; the way we feel while awake is dependent upon what happens to your body while asleep. Attention Getter: Are you in debt? I know what probably came to your mind: loans, creditRead MoreThe Effects Of Lack Of Sleep On Physical Health1361 Words   |  6 PagesLack of Sleep on Physical Health People think that when they have to finish something they can just stay up late to complete it and lose precious sleep time. In reality, that should not be the case. Millions of people around the world suffer from sleep deprivation. (â€Å"Why Sleep†). Many people look at sleep as a luxury. Some people think that they can skip sleep and depend on coffee. The truth is the human body needs sleep. â€Å"Sleep is essential for a person’s health and wellbeing† (â€Å"Why Sleep†). SleepRead MoreSleep Health : Essential For An Individual s Health And Well Being1418 Words   |  6 PagesUnit 9: Final Project Professor Ann Dickerson Sleep health is essential for an individual’s health and well-being. Sleep disorders and sleep deprivation is an unmet public health concern. It is estimated that fifty to seventy million Americans chronically suffer from some type of sleep disorder, which in turn, effects daily function and negatively affecting health and longevity (The National Academy of Sciences, 2006). Sleep is increasingly identified as important to public health,Read MoreHow The Body s Health Defenses Or Immunity?1242 Words   |  5 Pagesbacteria, infections, germs, viruses and other foreign bodies, our bodily organs and essential bodily functions could very well be just time bombs waiting to explode. However thanks to our immune system, our body s critical line of defense against diseases, infections and other health conditions, we are guarded against intruders that jeopardize the daily functioning of our bodily system. Our immune system is essential to maintaining health and vitality and protects and often eliminates what would normallyRead MoreTaking a Look at Childminders1242 Words   |  5 Pagesactivities on a daily basis. Their days of work can start as early as 7am at their own home. They have an array of toys available for any children who come in early. When each child arrives, the childminder has to talk the the guardian bringing them to the home to discuss about the childs sleep the night before and whether they had breakfast or not. This will be important because it will help them care for the child more effectively throughout the day. A childminder may also keep a daily diary so thatRead MoreEssay about Stress Mangement1077 Words   |  5 Pageshormonal fluctuations, inadequate sleep and nutrition (Archer amp; Carroll, 2003). The literature indicates that the average age of a college student is increasing. A majority of them have a family to take care of, a full time job, and a full workload of homework. Under these conditions, it is impossible to get a full eight hours of sleep. Taking care of ones body is priority number one. One must take care of themselves by eating right and getting eno ugh sleep in order to avoid the factors of physiologicalRead MoreSleep Deprivation And Its Effect On Sleep849 Words   |  4 PagesSleep is a necessity in which, its value has been undercut. People of all ages, from college students, to middle-aged adult, have experienced the effect of sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation is has poisoned the positive affects sleep has on ones life. In order to challenge the effects of sleep deprivation and study its effect on me, I conducted an experiment designed by James B. Mass. This experiment was created in 1991 to help students determine if they were truly sleep deprived. Out of the 15Read MoreEssay On Importance Of Exercise1263 Words   |  6 Pagesthe tremendous power of vigorous exercise on a daily basis as a tool for excellence. Many students say that they don’t have enough time for exercise because they are busy. From this statement only their laziness can be inferred since if one is truly busy, then one cannot afford not to exer cise. There’s a saying, â€Å"the person who has no time for exercise must make time for illness†. Following are some of the benefits which you will receive from daily exercise- 1. A significant increase in your energyRead MoreThe Importance Of Sleep Hygiene733 Words   |  3 PagesGood quality sleep can make a big difference in your quality of life. Having healthy sleep habits is often referred to as having good  sleep hygiene, It involves  a variety of different practices and habits that are necessary to have good nighttime sleep quality and full daytime alertness. Why is it important to practice good sleep hygiene? Obtaining healthy sleep is essential for both physical and mental health. It can also improve productivity and overall quality of life. Everyone, from childrenRead MoreParkinson s Disease Affects The Brain877 Words   |  4 Pagesover a period of time† (â€Å"Understanding†). Along with the four main motor symptoms, patients may also face several non-motor symptoms. Some other common symptoms that go with Parkinson’s include mood disorders, cognitive changes, hallucinations, and sleep disorders. The symptoms will vary depending on the individual. Because there is no cure and everyone experiences the disease differently, treatment for each person with Parkinson’s is based on the symptoms the individual experiences. There are various

Why Don t You Write One - 1294 Words

My grandfather always told me that I would find the one for me. Jokingly I’d play along and say â€Å"How do I know when I’ve found her?† No matter how many times I’d rephrase the question or throw a spin on it, he would always respond that I’d know by the way my potential significant other would make me feel; that our bond would feel more like an everlasting friendship rather than a cruel torment of dealing with a person who does not fit my ideal of a significant other. I playfully ask him one day â€Å"Why isn’t there a manual to finding your significant other?† He replied to my inquiry and said â€Å"Why don’t you write one?† Throughout history, marriage has been a sacred tradition practiced amongst the majority of the world. The moral basis of what†¦show more content†¦The relationship amongst the two should have a solid, unshaken respect for each other. Mutual respect is a very simple concept that plays a large role in the partnership. It means you avoid demeaning or belittling your partner, you are both on the same common ground, and neither you nor your partner outranks the other based on: financial status, emotional status, past mistakes, gender and ethnic background. What is expected from a stable couple is for them to take the opinions, wishes, and values of their partner under serious consideration when dealing with personal affairs or confronting problems they might find in the relationship. If respect is absent in the relationship, it should not be awarded the title of marriage. Couples will not be able to effectively resolve indifferences without mutual respect. Partnerships who fail to resolve any dispute effectively and maturely show signs that they are lacking a pillar of respect in their foundation which results in no balance or common ground in the relationship. Can someone honestly love someone and refuse to give them the respect they deserve and need at the same time? Now, that is why compatibility is also a factor in a successful marriage. Actually taking time and getting to know the person you wish to be with allows time to understand them as a person. Compatibility works just like batteries in a

The Shell Game free essay sample

Put on your smile, or at least a smirk. Cock your hips and tilt your head to show off your â€Å"attitude.† Laugh at that joke even though you know it’s mean or just dumb. Better yet, smile broadly when you feel nothing at all, because if you’re living as a shell, it better be a shiny one. No, wait, maybe you should put on a grander mask. Cry and bellow when a person snickers at you. Draw attention! Let your tears be glitter. Let them add true sparkle to your shell. And for goodness sake, take everything seriously. Because, if one person starts laughing, then maybe someone will notice your mask is just a mask and your shining shell has no life in it. Without that shell, that mask, where would you be? What would you be? Yep, that’s right you’d be nothing. And then you might have to start working at being something. We will write a custom essay sample on The Shell Game or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page No fun! Walk by the other shells. Smile blankly at their blank smiles. And weep vacantly on their styrofoam shoulders. Watch the news. See people starving in third-world countries. Ignore it, because what good does it do you to know that people suffer real pain? Indifference comes from looking inside and seeing nothing, and looking at others and seeing yourself. But what does that really matter? Yeah, you have more important things to worry about. You need to make sure everyone likes you. It is an achievement to act like everyone else and be liked by everyone else. It takes a complete lack of individuality. Bravo! Who needs individuals anyway? This is the perfect time to conform. It’s not like the world is heating up or wars are taking place. There is no threat of nuclear attack. Our rights as Americans are not being threatened by the government. Politicians are not corrupt. Oh, and the world is made of fairy dust. What you should do is go home and listen to some music. Turn up that soulless top-40 so you can sing along with the â€Å"I heart you† music that plays nonstop for your listening pleasure. And after that you should watch a reality show about some guy who dates 20 chicks at once to see which one he’d like to date a little bit longer. Call your buddies and reminisce over the day’s events and how stupid that girl’s outfit was. Really, did you see that skirt she wore with those boots? It’s like she was trying to be unique or possibly even herself. Disgusting. Then you should flip through Cosmo Girl and figure out what you need to do to be less ugly. Don’t worry, you don’t have to improve your personality or flawed traits, just put on some pink lipgloss and you’re a new person! While you do that, I plan on living, moving forward, changing, and learning. I research. I watch the news. I move toward a career that will provide information, not to the general public (which is you) but to individuals who will utilize it. I will be part of a movement that fights for something. I won’t sit and watch the world melt. I won’t let my rights as a U.S. citizen slip away. I will use my voice to speak and ask questions. I will not be content. But don’t mind me. Sit in front of your television. Eat your low-carb diets. Laugh at those jokes that you don’t understand. And please, fade away and retreat behind your mask and into your shell, because we don’t need you.

Early Supplier Involvement free essay sample

ANALYZE THE CHALLENGE AND OPPORTUNITY REGARDING SUPPLY CHAIN ISSUES OF AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY * A brief explanation of the problem * Aim of your term paper * What questions will be answered in the term paper * A brief outline of current research * Relevance of the term paper topic * The research process Your term paper’s main body should also have the following points: * Interpretation of primary literature * Methodological problems * Current state of research * Your viewpoint Challenges: The basic economics are changing for the American automobile industry at an alarming rate. Only a few years ago, decisions on product lines, engine platforms, style platforms, safety improvements, marketing development, and fashion were made for consumer demand out five to seven years. This year, we are shocked to find original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) implementing dramatic production and model changes to be made in only one to two years for simple survival. Driven by consumer demand for fuel efficiency and alternative fuel vehicles, the automotive supply chain has been deeply affected by the cuts in production of SUVs and trucks, plant closures, and shifts in production location. The industry is adapting through consolidations, mergers and acquisitions, relocations, and expansions. Automotive suppliers are in the throes of shifting production to meet the needs of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). With the spotlight on the changes in the automotive industry, incentives often factor into the decision-making process. 1. ) Globalisation: Recent emphasis on global climate change is increasing pressure on automotive executives to make the right decisions in many areas, including RD and manufacturing. In fact, emission-level targets, currently in question, threaten to alter the entire structure of the auto industry. 2. ) These challenges hit an industry already plagued with high costs, low profit margins, and accelerating competition. New entrants from China (such as Chery Automobile) and India (such as Tata Motors) are working aggressively to capture their share of the global market, following the path taken by the Japanese in the 1980s and the Koreans in the 1990s—both of whom went beyond their domestic markets by focusing on the United States first, and on Europe later. 3. In this dynamic business environment, a superior supply chain is one critical element to helping automakers differentiate themselves from the competition. In fact, many of trends in the auto industry are reinforcing the need to redefine supply chain strategies, layouts, and operations. Challenges in Automotive Industry There are eight major trends that affect the automotive supply chain. These are: 1. Uneven growth: The demand for cars is growing, stemming in large part from China, India, and Eastern Europe. Established automotive markets in the United States, Western Europe, and Japan, however, are flat to declining. This uneven growth raises implications for the supply chain. For one, OEMs and their tier-1 suppliers must establish a local presence to benefit from these new growth opportunities in emerging economies. They must also tap into the local supply base to take advantage of cost levels and to fulfill local content requirements. At the same time, they must integrate local operations into their global supply chain management systems and programs. For example, sourcing processes from local suppliers must be aligned with global quality-assurance guidelines and procedures. . Fragmentation: Traditional car segments such as sedans, vans, hatchbacks, and pick-up trucks are fragmenting more and more into niches. Derivative car segments, on the other hand—such as coupes, roadsters, minivans, and two-seaters, as well as cross-over vehicles such as four-door coupes, SUV coupes, â€Å"soft†1 SUVs, and sport vans—are growing. A combination of customer demand for personalizationâ⠂¬â€the right product for their specific use at the right time—and manufacturers conquering new customer segments is causing automakers to grow their product offerings. The environmental or â€Å"green† movement is encouraging fragmentation even further, by shifting demand away from large and/or high-consumption vehicles to smaller and/or more fuel-efficient cars, giving birth to even newer segments, such as city or microcars2, and new propulsion technologies, such as hybrids, clean diesels, and diesel hybrids. Despite measures to control incremental costs resulting from fragmentation—such as platform, module, and component sharing across models and brands—segmentation results in a more complex supply chain that needs to be managed. Hence, the supply chain requires integrated capabilities and flexible tools based on real-time information to address this increasing complexity. For example, using an identical gearbox in two different car models does not prevent the manufacturer and its supplier from having to manage the supply chain process on a transparent basis to ensure on-time delivery of the specific gearbox to the specific assembly line in the specific location. 3. Accelerated Volatility: In the past, forecasting new product demand was easy. Today, new cars that initially sell well may lose ground within as little as two years. Shifts in customer demand—from product to product, from brand to brand, and from segment to segment—are accelerating. Customers have more choices than before, want more personalization, and, in general, enter the showroom better informed. As a consequence, customer loyalty is decreasing—across all segments and across all manufacturers. The supply chain, therefore, must cater to these shifts through quicker responsiveness and overall flexibility. Yesterday, it was enough merely to set up the supply chain when launching a new product and then make a few changes to it over the product’s lifecycle. Today, a higher degree of flexibility and responsiveness must be built in up front so that suppliers can react quickly when overall product volumes are not in line with plan, or when the mix within the product differs from original forecasts. 4. Importance Of after market : The aftermarket business is often a somewhat neglected area, even though it typically generates the largest share of OEM and dealer profits. Managing this business depends on processes and IT systems that let manufacturers track product in the following areas: †¢ Sales—which product is selling, and at which price? Channels—through which channels is product being sold? †¢ Replenishment—what are the products’ replenishment cycles? †¢ Customers—which kinds of customers are buying which kinds of products? Creating transparency in the aftermarket business both in sales and in operations of the business and value chain is an important way for automakers to defend this so urce of revenue and profit against independent parts and service suppliers. 5. Differentiated outsourcing: Outsourcing in the automotive industry will continue. Differences in labor costs and disadvantages in scale and scope are influencing this trend. Outsourcing will create opportunities for both automotive suppliers and supply chain management providers (such as logistics companies and IT firms) to expand their businesses into adjacent areas—for example, preassembly or management and quality control. To benefit from continued outsourcing, supply chain management providers must offer flexible, modular solutions because not every manufacturer will concentrate on the same core capabilities and functions. 6. Low-cost country sourcing: The auto industry will continue to source from low-cost countries as manufacturers and suppliers continue to complement their commodities with more complex products and services. The lowest price, however, isn’t everything—automakers and suppliers must look at the total cost of sourcing, including logistics, quality of work, and management. This approach is referred to as â€Å"best-cost-country† sourcing, and for supply chain management providers represents another opportunity to encourage, enable, manage, and optimize sourcing. 7. Risk management: Most manufacturers agree that their supply chain risk has increased in recent years. Natural disasters, terrorism, workforce issues, and level of dependence on partners and suppliers are just some areas that require strong capabilities in risk management. Manufacturers and their suppliers must account for supply chain alternatives in their overall supply chain strategy. Increased transparency based on real-time information (see â€Å"Transparency and Accountability† section) allows them to identify risks early on and, ultimately, to manage them. This represents an opportunity for supply chain management providers to expand their value-added services. They have the opportunity to become risk-mitigation agents by ensuring the required transparency and by offering, for example, fall-back solutions or performance guarantees. 8. Accountability/Transparency: Business operations are becoming more complex and global. Supply chains are turning into complex supply networks. As a consequence, auto manufacturers and suppliers need transparency and accountability across the entire supply network. For example, near-real-time information flow based on a sensor-driven supply chain across the extended enterprise is in high demand. Information should, ideally, flow in two directions to help ensure better and faster interactions within enterprises and among OEMs, suppliers, and supply chain management providers. At the same time, there is a focus on security across these complex information networks, led by the need to manage risks. The supply network has become very complex globally and is optimized to the penny. Because of this, automakers and suppliers cannot afford to go after breakdowns in the supply chain. Providers must deliver performance and output in a transparent manner—they are now held accountable much more stringently than in the past, and are at risk when it comes to paying high penalties in case of nonperformance. CONCLUSION: In a highly competitive environment, an effective and efficient global supply chain is a must for automotive manufacturers and their suppliers. The industry landscape is exposed to a set of critical challenges and trends that are leading, if not accelerating, the need to fine-tune supply chain strategies and operations even further. The increasing requirement for real-time information and effective communication across the supply network is critical for managing and optimizing the supply chain on a flexible basis, while keeping costs under control. While most global car manufacturers and tier-1 suppliers are in the process of addressing these requirements, smaller tier-2 and tier-3 auto suppliers have a long way to go. information technology plays an increasingly important role, effectively turning IT from an â€Å"operational delivery† function into a â€Å"strategic, differentiating† asset. The underlying IT network plays a critical role by enabling the integration of various endpoints (for example, RFID sensors, bar-code readers, handhelds, and laptops), communication technologies (fixed-line, wireless), IT assets (servers, databases), and applications in a secure and scalable manner. For specialized supply chain management providers, these trends represent significant opportunities to grow their businesses and expand their value-added offerings. In regard to the â€Å"green† challenge, the focus on the environment might reshape this supply chain scenario even more radically. Rising energy costs, regulation concerns, and the demands of conscientious customers require automakers and their suppliers to reduce the carbon footprint of their entire operations—including supply networks. http://www. cisco. com/web/about/ac79/docs/wp/ctd/Auto_Trends_WP_FINAL. pdf Further optimization of procurement activities. Global procurement and supply activities were impacted by increases in raw-material prices. Additional challenges arose from the difficult financial situation of some suppliers and the tough competition in the automotive industry. Substantial increases in raw-material prices. In mid 2003, raw-material prices remained relatively stable but after that raw-material prices have risen significantly, especially for steel, oil, rubber and certain precious metals. Difficult financial situation for many suppliers. Many automotive suppliers experienced a deteriorating financial situation. The number of financially distressed suppliers increased significantly. Within the framework of our supplier risk management, the development of these companies’ financial situations and have implemented appropriate risk-management processes..