Curley’s Wife

How does Steinbeck present the character of Curlers wife in Of Mice and Men? Steinbeck's ‘Of Mice and Men' is a poignant tale which tells of a number of disconnected, isolated characters. Curlers wife epitomises the extreme loneliness of the human condition. Although she only makes a significant appearance three times in the novel, she plays an important part both in terms of plot development and in terms of furthering the readers' understanding of the theme of loneliness and alienation.Steinbeck uses a number of techniques to portray Curlers wife and the resulting character is fairly hard to pin down. Although Steinbeck uses a third person omniscient narrator, it is important to acknowledge that we learn of Curlers wife through a male perspective; the author/ narrator is male, as are all of the other ranch dwellers who comment on and Judge Curlers wife, potentially subtly prejudicing the reader. Curlers wife is known throughout the novel as ‘Curlers wife' and this has a number of effects. Firstly, her lack of personal identity dehumanises her.Every other character, including Crooks, has a name. Curlers wife is consistently identified as her husband's possession. This is a constant reminder as to the main reason that the anch workers cannot talk to her: they are anxious that Curley could take offence at any male engagement with his wife and that, because he is the boss's son, they could lose their Jobs as a result. The name she is referred to by the narrator and by the other characters in the novel could be seen as indication of women's inferior social status in 1930s America.Although in a letter to an actress playing Curlers wife in a stage version of ‘Of Mice and Men', Steinbeck insists he is sympathetic to the only female character, as readers, we have to work hard to feel sympathy towards her. Through the use of the other characters' opinions, the reader is given a biased view of Curlers wife before even meeting her. For example, Candy, wh o is portrayed as a trustworthy, likeable character, tells George that Curleys wife ‘gives Slim the eye', meaning that she flirts with him, and apparently all the other men on the ranch.He finishes his piece of gossip by concluding that she is ‘a tart'. This view is echoed by other men on the ranch later in the novel, and George also decides after their initial brief meeting that Curlers wife is indeed a tramp', ‘poison', Jailbait' and a ‘rat trap'. All of the men's insults suggest that Curleys wife is sexually available to anyone. There is a sense of hypocrisy here given that almost all of the men, including Curley, frequent Susy's place, the local brothel or ‘cathouse'.When Curlers wife first appears in the novel, supposedly looking for Curley (as she always is) in the bunkhouse, the description of her appearance may seem to support Candys opinion of her. Her heavy make-up (full, rouged lips'†¦ fingernails were red'), her overly coiffured hair-st yle which is mentioned every time she appears in the novel, and her choice of clothes and shoes ‘red mules, on the insteps of which were little bouquets of red ostrich feathers') is not only incongruous with the ranch lifestyle, but also could be seen as an attempt to appear seductive.Her body language – ‘leaned back against the door frame so that ner body was thrown torward ‘ – could ce rtainly suggest that sne is physically ottering herself to the men, and her manner of speaking – ‘playfully- could be interpreted as flirtatious. However, it is significant that when she is first introduced, she is referred to as a ‘girl' which suggests that she is young and naive. Indeed, it is implied in the ovel that she is very young. Whit refers to her as the new kid' (although subsequently calls her a ‘100100') and she herself retorts Whatta ya think I am, a kid?In addition, when she tells her story to Lennie, she refers to a recent inci dent which happened when she was fifteen. The other interesting aspect of her first appearance is that the men are alerted to her presence because the rectangle of sunshine in the doorway was cut off. Again, later on, in the barn, Steinbeck uses light in the description of Curleys wife's dead body. The contrast is that in the first scene she locks off natural light and in the final scene, the light was growing soft' casting an almost romantic atmosphere in the barn where Curlers wife lies, seemingly at rest.The second point here, is that Curleys wife is always appearing at doorways – of the bunkhouse or in Crooks' room, but never managing to enter. This may be a metaphor for the fact that she is always an outsider. The only time she enters a male space and seems to make contact is Just before her death. After our first meeting with Curleys wife, it would be easy to agree with the men's sexist view towards her. Steinbeck ontinues to make it difficult for the reader to sympathi se with her in her second scene when she appears at the doorway of Crooks' quarters.Her mannerism may be seen to be somewhat unpleasant and aggressive, ‘They left all the weak ones here'†¦ ‘An' what am I doin' here talking to a bunch of bindle stiffs – a nigger an' a dum-dum and a lousy 01†² sheep – an' likin' it because they ain't nobody else'. However, if we look at her actions, all the time, the only thing she is seeking is human contact. She is extremely lonely and isolated, as she tries to explain to the men: ‘Think I don't like to alk to somebody ever' once in a while? Think I like to stick in that house alla time?Several times she indicates that her marriage is not happy, that Curley is self- obsessed and that he is boastful and violent. Between the lines, Steinbeck is portraying a sad, isolated character who is doomed to be unsuccessful when she reaches out to other human beings because of her position on the ranch. In this scene, we also see what might be described as an extremely nasty side to Curlers wife. When the conversation does not go her way – Candy openly insults her she turns on Crooks, using her one element of power as a white woman over a black man: Well, you keep your place then, Nigger.I could get you strung up on a tree so easy it ain't even funny. Although this threat is abhorrent, perhaps it indicates the level of her frustration with her own position. She is at the bottom of the hierarchy of white people, and her only form of control could be to accuse Crooks of some sort of inappropriate behaviour that would lead to his being put to death. The final time we see Curleys wife is the only time she seems to open up and reveal her vulnerability nd her disappointment with the way her life has turned out. Ironically, even as she is confessing all, ‘l ain't told this to nobody before.Maybe I oughtn't to', her audience, Lennie, is not listening because he is caught up in his own fantasy world. Therefore, although this scene serves to show the poignancy of Curlers wife's character, it also underlines that at no time in the novel does she succeed in making any human contact. When we learn that ‘her words tumbled out in a passion of communication, as though sne hurried betore ner listener could be taken away, it is as though sne as had her story, her identity, bottled up inside her and she is desperate to share her hopes, dreams and disappointments with anyone who might listen.Her background reveals a sad and lonely childhood full of mistrust. We learn that she has a poor relationship with her mother and that she has enjoyed male attention which has probably been superficial and has led to her believing that she could have had a career in the movies'. Curleys wife's naivety is emphasised by the way that she behaves around Lennie. She flits between thinking he is ‘nuts' and encouraging physical contact. She believes that e is ‘Jus' like a big baby, an d although she is aware that he had crushed Curlers hand, shows no caution around him when she offers for him to stroke her hair.This may be because she is so over-excited by the fact that she believes that she has somebodys attention – possibly for the first time since arriving on the ranch – that she does not think beyond the moment. The reader knows that Curlers wife is doomed the minute she says that she likes to stroke her hair because it is soft. There is a poignant irony that it is her offer to Lennie that leads to her death. She is enjoying the attention and perhaps is also lightly motivated by a moment of kindness to let Lennie enjoy the feel of her hair.Ultimately, though, it is her concern with her appearance: You'll muss it up†¦. You stop it now, you'll mess it up' that makes Lennie inadvertently break her neck in a panicked effort to keep her quiet. The image Steinbeck uses to describe the moment of her death dehumanises Curlers wife: ‘her body flopped like a fish'. It is in the final description of her that it seems that we are offered a true account of Curleys wife's true essence: ‘And the meanness and the plannings and the discontent and the ache or attention were all gone from her face.She was very pretty and simple and her face was sweet and young. ‘ This short passage shows that underneath her hardened exterior she was in essence a decent person, which is what Steinbeck refers to in his letter to the actress. The ‘ache for attention' had had the opposite of its desired effect, in fact pushing people away rather than attracting them to her. Furthermore, her dream to be a movie star or iconic figure is echoed in the almost Sleeping Beauty-like description of her: ‘Now her rouged cheeks and reddened lips made her seem alive nd sleeping very lightly.The only time Curleys wife is described in a positive manner is in her death, and even this is quickly negated by Candy placing blame on her for ruini ng their dream: You God damn tramp†¦. Ever'body knowed you'd mess things up†¦ You lousy tart'. In conclusion, Steinbeck uses a number of techniques to create Curlers wife. Some readers may feel sympathy for her, others may share the ranch workers' view of her. For my part, I see her as the epitome of loneliness; her only defence against a sexist environment ironically leads to her further alienation.

Pirandello: Six Characters in Search of an Author Essay

A theatre company is preparing to rehearse one of Pirandello’s plays, â€Å"which no one understood when it was written and which makes even less sense today† (Director, I). Before they are able to begin, however, the Characters enter and explain who they are, and that the author that created them had not been able to finish their play, and that they were in search of someone who would help them by finishing the job. The director agrees, and the characters tell their story, demonstrating scenes that were to be played. Not long after the first scene is played, it appears that there is some disagreement between the Characters and the Company, regarding the direction that the scenes should take. The Characters argue that they way that the Company play their roles is not â€Å"real† enough, not â€Å"true† enough. Contrariwise, the Director argues that some license must be allowed for the physical and temporal restrictions that stage production puts on their â€Å"reality.† The Characters insist on continuing their demonstration, culminating in the suicide of the Boy. The Company is horrified, some believing the child to be truly dead, others insisting that it was a trick. The Father replies to their questions with â€Å"What do you mean, a trick? It is reality, reality, ladies and gentlemen! Reality!† (Father, III). The Director, horrified and confused, calls for lights. When the lights have come up, the Characters are gone. Exasperated, the Director cries, â€Å"They’ve cost me a whole day of rehearsal!† DRAMATIC ELEMENTS: Point of Inciting Interest: The Characters appear during rehearsal and reveal that they are seeking someone to tell their story. The director agrees to help. Major Crises: *The Director realizes that the Characters are not actors looking to rehearse, and that they expect him to serve as their author and write their play. After some discussion with the Father, he agrees to continue. *At several points during the play, the Director is confronted with situations in which the Characters are unhappy with the scenery or the look or performance of the actors, or the direction that the Director is giving. Each time, there ensues a discussion on the â€Å"reality† of what the Company is portraying, versus the reality of the Characters’ story. Each time, the Characters eventually decide, reluctantly, to accept a less-than-perfect portrayal of their story. These crises have been condensed into one bullet point for conciseness. Climax: The Boy, demonstrating the final scene, shoots himself and dies. Denouement: The Company is horrified. The Father explains to them simply that this is â€Å"reality, ladies and gentlemen!† The Director calls for lights and finds the Characters have gone. He then cancels the remaining rehearsal time and exits. REACTION/ANALYSIS: Pirandello takes on quite a challenging question in Six Characters. This question, of how reality can be defined, goes all the way back to Plato,  with his Allegory of the Cave. While Pirandello does not answer that question, perhaps an ultimate answer is impossible to conceive, he does take it to a different level, and leaves the audience thinking. This universal question, in Six Characters, takes on a great depth. We, the audience, are presented with two realities, and are asked to define which is more â€Å"real† of the two. On one side, we have the Company, composed of â€Å"real† people who create â€Å"fabricated† stories through their work on the stage. However, Pirandello gives them absolutely no depth. It is clear that they are merely vessels for portraying this â€Å"fiction,† creating real stories in their shows, but they seem to have no â€Å"real† stories of their own. Contrariwise, the Characters, who are not â€Å"real† people, i.e. they have been â€Å"created† by some unknown Author; have a story, a life, that is much more â€Å"real† than those of the Company. Conflict ensues when the â€Å"reality† that is created by the Company does not acceptably conform to the exacting standards of the Characters. The problem is that the Company must conform to the physical and temporal limitations inherent in stage productions, and sometimes they do not fully grasp the nature of the Character that they are portraying. This bothers the Characters, as they feel that it affects the â€Å"reality† of their story, to have it altered. â€Å"But that’s not the way it really happened,† seems to be their continual complaint. The question that Pirandello presents to us, and leaves us to ponder at the end of the play, is: â€Å"Which is more real, the â€Å"true† reality of the â€Å"fictional† Characters, or the â€Å"fictional† reality of the â€Å"real† Company? Being a non-dualist, I would personally argue that they are both real, however that is only my opinion. One final item that I will present for consideration is the religious connotation of the creator-deity figure, the Author. It is interesting to note, than when the Author of the Characters’ work is referred to, it is always Author, not author. The Characters are searching for an author to help them bring to life the story that was created by the Author. Perhaps Pirandello is drawing a subtle connection between the Characters’ quest, and our own search for â€Å"truth.† In the end of the play, the Characters vanish after completing their demonstration.  Through their quest for self-definition, the Characters actually achieve self-definition. Perhaps Pirandello is trying to say that, in a circular fashion, it is our human quest to define ourselves that, in the end, defines us.

Assignment 1 Week 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assignment 1 Week 7 - Essay Example The key elements that an organization must focus on to promote change are: Motivation: The employees need to be explained about the necessity of change and they must be convinced of the personal and professional benefits to themselves, as well as to their organization. In addition, management must realize that work will slow during the transitional process. Proper training to employees about the changed process and work will help the employees to overcome the hindrance towards change. Changes require working with the latest tools of persuasion, negotiation and learning: Persuasion needs a user-friendly approach. User-friendly in this context means giving employees an opportunity to vent, to express their own ideas and to make mistakes. It means that managers involved in the process must remain positive and approachable, and have an encouraging demeanor . Rewards: By rewarding success, employees will create internal champions from among those who are higher risk takers and more aware of the value of the new outcomes. Promote changes with workshops: Part of the change process involves conducting teambuilding and management development workshops to promote change, get input on needs and work with different management styles.

Employability Skills in Improving Quality of Performance Essay

Employability Skills in Improving Quality of Performance - Essay Example Therefore, team role is â€Å"an inclination to behave, contribute and interrelate with other people in a particular way†, and it measures behavior rather than individuals personally (Belbin 2011). Therefore, we can guarantee that we can use our strengths to our advantage, by discovering our team roles to assist us to manage our weak points. According to Belbin (1981, cited in select knowledge 2001 p.32), there are nine team roles which individuals prefer to assume or avoid when required by circumstances. These team roles consist of Resource Investigator, Coordinator, Monitor Evaluator Team workers, Plant, Implementer, Shaper, Specialist, and Completer Finisher (Belbin 2011). I have experienced some of these roles in my high school study team and in other various tasks; I have done with friends during previous engagements. Some of them relate to my team members and others to me. The first role is the plant, which consists of people who are highly creative, who innovate and inv ent methods or technique. These people through innovation provide the foundation in which ideas develop in the team (Belbin 2011). These people have a character of alienating themselves from the rest of the team so that they can concentrate on their imaginative thinking. They have a personality of being introverts and are self-centered and would have strong reactions to both criticism and praise. This is because they are normally original in their ideas and being introverts, they have a weakness in communicating with other team members (Belbin 2011). In team roles, plants have an important role to play in teams because their main function is generating new ideas and techniques to assist the team to solve complex problems (select knowledge 2001). For example, in a study group that we had formed with friends in high school, we used to do group assignments as a team. One team member, Denis, was good at doing research in some of the assignment topics, but he could not explain the findin gs verbally although he wrote and analyzed them properly. In my opinion, his role in our team would fit as a plant because of his originality in presentations that helped our team to produce high quality and scored high points in our assignments. The second team role as suggested by Belbin is the resource investigators (select knowledge 2001 p. 32). They can be said to have some opposite characteristics of the plants because they are extroverts and often enthusiastic. In this role, Hogan (2007 p.65) also highlights that resource investigator are good in communicating and negotiating with people both inside and outside their teams. Notably, they are also good in accommodating ideas from other people and developing those ideas to accomplish team goals, this is due to their investigative characteristics and willingness to utilize new possibilities in those ideas. Resource Investigators have a very important function in the team as Belbin suggest, they are hence the best people to be us ed for setting up contacts with people outside the team because of their extrovert’s personality. This would, therefore, help the team to achieve their shared goals. In my teamwork experience, I would relate my personal team role as a resource investigator because; I would ensure that the team members worked cohesively.

Effective Leaders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Effective Leaders - Essay Example To lead, you require some qualities such as strength of mind, the eagerness to determine, defy the class quo, proceed for what you accepted as true, hazard, negative responses, rise up against power, and modify. To make my opinion more clear and effective I would describe the difference between Managerial work and leadership. Managerial work is a division of leadership abilities. It is often heard that people try to divide them that they are leaders, but not managers. But the people who use to say this are usually incorrect while it appears to attracting the supporters which formulates it hard to judge them as victorious leaders. A leader is somebody who does things perfectly and who knows where to go. Where as managerial work is how to do things perfectly and how they really get there. A student of a college or school who makes a group of friends together to go to picnic, so he is acting not just as a leader, but as well as a manager. Someone who wants to be a leader, but does not want to do with managerial work is a self-indulgent. Leadership and managerial work always collaborate in order give an efficient result. Straightforwardly, managerial work is the procedure of describing and calculating the success. A leader is the one who places the idea, describes victory, and verifies the capacity of success will be extra efficient than the similar leader who wishes to place the idea but declines to accept any effort in the managerial area. Therefore, effective leader is a person who controls and makes an impact on people. Every person owns leadership potential. Effective Leadership is not restricted to group decision-making or high flier. Effective Leadership can, and frequently does, 'appear from inside. Every person of your Land concern group is a helper. Helpers are not essential to do something. They are stimulated to accomplish things. Motivation can appear firstly from the wish to improve the surroundings or make better farm production, however it requires be continuously revitalization, and communicating. That is where effective leadership enters. To be an effective leader one should have make up hisher mind and set tasks, it will assist to decide what the followers desire to get. It might be up to the Leader to begin this procedure, but it is much simple to guide a group when a leader suggests where the group wishes to move. To make the leadership more effective leaders have to observe their group members. The most excellent technique to do this is by starting discussions and after that paying attention to the group. By listening, Leader will observe regarding their benefit and find out ways so that they can be more concerned in the group. They should converse evidently and normally. Explain their group aims and ethics, and keep distributing their ideas with their workers. Effective Leaders always engage workers in arranging goals. They give many advices on how can they move toward the tasks. Leaders have to give their workers few responsibilities and authority and guide them. Effective Leaders have to be liable on their selves. Establish a consultative board or managerial team to support them to make better planned decisions and the team could give them opinion on their own work. Effective leaders should be honest with their work and expand faith to their workers. That will help leaders to be dependable and make the company stronger. To be an effective

Discuss why you chosen pharmacy as a profession Essay

Discuss why you chosen pharmacy as a profession - Essay Example My second reason for choosing Pharmacy as my life's work is that it suits my personality and technical skill perfectly. During my years in the army, I was exposed to numerous professional pursuits and had the opportunity to experience a wide variety of activities. During this time, I always returned to my interest in Pharmacy because it was such a good fit for me. When I left the Army, I was allowed to shadow a local pharmacist which only confirmed what I already knew; this profession was my life's calling. I have a natural empathy for people and want to make a positive contribution to their lives. I am studious by nature, and have the ability to concentrate and pay great attention to detail. These two aspects of my personality will find their greatest and best expression as a pharmacist because my caring heart and technical abilities will be able to be combined into a single life pursuit. Finally, I have chosen Pharmacy as my career because I understand the vital role that pharmacists play in both the healthcare system and improving the quality of life for individuals. Pharmacists are an important bridge between the patient and their doctor because they provide important information directly to the individual. People have so many questions about their health and the medicines they take. Often, the doctor does not have time to explain the details of the medications they prescribe, or the patients are too intimidated to ask a lot of questions. With a pharmacist, people are more willing to discuss their medications because the pharmacist seems more accessible. I know that I want to be a pharmacist because I want people to have the information they need regarding their treatment and how it might interact with their lifestyle or other medicines they are taking. This profession will give me the opportunity to give important advice while caring for the people who need it mo st. I will be a great pharmacist. I have seen the impact of healthcare on the lives of individuals. I have the personality and technical skill to learn the profession and apply it in assisting people every day. The important role of helping patients manage their treatment and emphasizing the precautions they must take to maintain their health is what I want to do for the rest of my life. My Priorities in Life As a mother and former member of the U.S. Army, I have had the opportunity to travel to many different places, experience much of what life has to offer and see the things that are important. I have three fundamental priorities set for my life; to finish school, to fulfill my chosen professional goals, and to help people. My first life priority is to finish my education. As I have indicated before, I am very aware of the benefits of a quality education. Being raised in Jamaica, I witnessed first hand what happens to people who are not allowed to develop to their full potential. After moving to America, I saw the other side of what education can provide to a person, and I want to reap those benefits for myself as well as my children. I know that in order to develop my full personal potential, I must attain success in my chosen career and that means successfully finishing school. In fact, I don't just want to be successful in my studies, I want to be outstanding. This first milestone must be achieved for the others to have a chance at being fulfilled. Accordingly,

The Diamonds (authorJ. Sorie Conteh) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Diamonds (authorJ. Sorie Conteh) - Essay Example Conteh first indicated the cabinet in which de Seve had kept the money and then proceeded to trace the thief back to the servants' quarters and to his very bed even indicating the side of it on which he had usually slept, information corroborated by his former bedmate. (Conteh, 33-90) The Divinity of the lieutenant-general devised another test of Conteh's abilities. Calling him into her drawing room, she asked Conteh to determine who had stolen money from a certain Diviner, one of the witnesses present. It was a trick question, however: she had taken the money herself. Conteh searched the room and announced that he did not believe a theft had occurred. She asked him to look again and he gave the same response as before but added, apparently rather coldly, that if there had been a theft it had been committed as a joke and in an innocent manner; his talent, he claimed, worked only when he tracked real criminals. (Conteh, 33-90) We can picture a long, solid line of matter from the object to the eye, an instrument designed specifically to filter such information. This sort of explanation can also be utilized to show how heat can be transferred, for example, from a candle flame to a hand.

Faulty Arguments in the Field of Herbalism, Natural Cures and Plant Coursework

Faulty Arguments in the Field of Herbalism, Natural Cures and Plant Medicine - Coursework Example The reasoning behind this phrase is poor because it insinuates that herbal products are safer, healthier, and has lower rates of toxicity compared to other medicinal drugs which is not true. It is also a dogmatic phrase which may be interpreted to mean that use of pharmaceuticals may result to harm. Andrew Weil, the mastermind and inventor of Arizona Center for Integrative medicine. He says ‘I did ethnobotanical study in South America, researching native uses for coca leaf, which most of us know only as the source of the isolated, problematic, addictive drug cocaine†¦if you look carefully at the coca leafs molecular array, you find 14 bioactive alkaloids, with cocaine in the greatest amount†¦Herbs like coca can "tone" the body and bring it back to homeostasis’. The source is The Huffington Post http://www.huffingtonpost.com/andrew-weil-md/why-plants-are-usually-be_b_785139.html. This is an illustration of a non-sequiter, appeal to authority, poor logic and faulty statistics. The reasoning behind it is poor since its conclusion doesn’t infer the premise. It also emphasizes on his expertise owing to convince the masses concerning his opinions. It also does not have firm deductions to the conclusions made. It also claims that a coca leaf has 14 bioact ive alkaloids but it does not give precise details how he obtained this data. David Kroll holds a doctor of philosophy in therapeutics and pharmacology. He coaches the public on organic commodities and botanical plants supplements. He says ‘Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, or thunder god vine†¦has a history of use as an anti-inflammatory herb. As with many traditional medicines, usage patterns do not necessarily indicate scientific validity. In fact, a Cochrane review published just last month on herbal therapies for rheumatoid arthritis indicated that the efficacy of thunder god vine was mixed. More concerning is that the herb had significant adverse effects in some trials, from hair

Behavior Modification treatment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Behavior Modification treatment - Research Paper Example Behavior modification is currently considered to be an alternative intervention to cure adolescents and children from different kinds of mental disorders, such as behavioral deviation, e.g. hyperactivity disorder. Deficit hyperactivity disorder is currently treated with the help of medication (placebo, 0.15, 0.30, and 0.60 mg/kg), medication stimulation or behavior modification. In case these two types of treatment are combined, children perform better during classes and hyperactivity disorder is being gradually attenuated (Ansari, Gouthro, Ahmad & Steel, 1996). In accordance with the studies by Blotcky et al (1984) and Pfeiffer and Strzelecki (1990) inpatient treatment is effective. These scientists have identified a number of positive indices signifying disease treatment progress. These are: intelligence improvement, non-organic and nonpsychotic diagnoses, reduction of antisocial features, patients’ involvement in after care and specialized treatment programs. It is possible to illustrate behavior modification treatment by the case study from the Nova Scotia Hospital, Princess Alexandra Unit. In the context of a token economy (BMP) punitive and positive consequences are applied to adolescents aged 12-18 years old. Behavioral program lasted for eight weeks. Patients with behavioral conduct disorder, deficit of attention disorder, hyperactivity syndrome and adjustment disorder were chosen for this program. There was made an attempt to strengthen positive behavior. It was necessary to introduce positive compensation and rewards for positive behavioral changes. Another option was to introduce negative reinforcement, which was directed on strengthening of a positive behavior while having avoided negative behavioral consequences (Bijou & Ruà ­z, 1981). A practical implementation of these strategies can be illustrated in the following way: the first and foremost step is to identify an inappropriate behavior of children.

Marketing Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 7

Marketing Management - Essay Example An organisation’s management is the team of employees who are entrusted by the stakeholders to come up with policies and decisions that will see the firm to achieve its objectives as well as adapt to any changes that are foreseen in the market environment. Marketing myopia is a common problem facing a number of organisations as the management fails to venture and analyse the larger perspective of their industry but rather concentrate on a single objective that ends up being redundant due to the dynamic nature of current markets. A company that is a market leader in an industry can be rendered redundant if its market approach does not rhyme with the current ramifications, forces, factors and shifting trends in the market (Soman and Marandi, 2010). The failure of organisations to define their objectives from the customers’ perspective makes them be more oriented to the products that they produce and with time they will eventually lose touch with the clients since they are not responding to their needs. Customer is always supreme in any business since the company is set to meet their needs. Marketing myopia occurs when organisations chose to be product-oriented rather than being customer-oriented to serve the needs of clients thus end up neglecting the opportunities that are present in their industry (â€Å"Harvard Business†, 2013). With time, different firms will seize the opportunity and through their aggression the previous companies will be rendered redundant since their products will no longer be appealing to the customers. The essay is going to elaborate of how management makes mistakes in choosing the objectives of their organisation and in particular it will deal with the case of Blackberry (Lee, 2013). Research in Motion (RIM) the firm that manufactures BlackBerry line of products was a renowned technology giant in America during its early years since it was the only firm

Leadership Impact Essay Example for Free

Leadership Impact Essay This research paper is written on the Leadership styles and the impact they have on the workforce. My information is based on my direct observation while being employed in the U. S. Air Force. My paper will analyze Leadership styles by using two concepts from Robbins and Judge (2009). The two concepts I have chosen are Leader Behaviors (p. 397) and Vision Statement (p. 415). Leadership Behaviors Being in the military for the past nine years has giving me an opportunity to see many different leadership behaviors. Four leadership behaviors Robbins and Judge (2009) defined are directive, supportive, participative, and achievement-oriented leaders (p. 397). The directive leader defines what is expected of the worker and schedules the work (p. 397). I feel that most people start off in with this leadership behavior until they grow as a leader. The supportive leader is concerned with the needs of their followers and interacts with them (p. 397). I have worked with many leaders that have used this behavior and it make them a popular leader, but can make it hard for them to get work done by some of their followers. I have seen were the workers take advantage of a leader because they feel more like a friend and not a boss. The participative leader takes the input of the follower and uses them before making a decision (p. 397). The Air Force leadership does use this behavior by using a yearly climate survey. The last leader behavior is the achievement-oriented leader. I feel that for the most part the behavior is the hardest to work for. This leadership style does not show much concern for the followers and does not take in their input. The leader is goal orientated and expects the followers to perform at their best to meet the goals (p. 97). Vision Statement A vision statement is a tool that leadership can use to tell why the organization exists (Kaplan Norton, 2008). Most military units have a vision statement to motivate its members. My unit’s statement is Safety first, By the book, Then on time. Our vision statement put the safety of the workers first and the sets the attitude of how the work is to be done. Robbins and Judge (2009) state that a vision should be value centered (p. 415) and all the military units I have worked for have had a vision statement that puts it people first. I feel it can make it easier to work for someone if they value you. Conclusion Leaders may use any of the behavior styles talk about in the paper. Charismatic leaders will try to set a goal and good work environment for their workers (Fischer). The leaders of an organization will have to ensure they use the right behavior to motivate its workers. In Psalm 28:11 David asks to be taught the Lords way and be lead in a straight path. I think this is how a lot of employees feel and it is the job of the leaders to ensure they know what path the organization is going.

E-Business Versus Traditional Retailing

E-Business Versus Traditional Retailing Abstract As the Internet access becomes widespread, both businesses and consumers worldwide used web as a main tool for marketing and shopping. As a result, the impact on retailers and consumers are relatively significant with the rise of the E-business. This project looks into the advantages and disadvantages of E-business and traditional retail stores, and then by comparing the two different business modes concludes an integrated business, which is more adapted by public. Further, an analysis of Amazon.com and Wal-Mart also support the notion that multi-channel retail seems to be more satisfy the need and want of retailer and consumers. Introduction The origin of e-business was 20 years ago. In the 1990s, the definition of e-business was used by one of the first supplier, IBM, in its advertising campaign. It was defined as the transformation of key business processes through the use of Internet technologies. (Li ,2007:9) Today, the meaning of e-business is much broader. According to Cunningham (2002) E-business refers to the transactions, processes, and systems that support the act of doing business through electronic networks. Businesses in industries such as banks, automobiles, travel, and many others are undergoing a significant transformation. In the past, traditional retail stores were constrained by geography, location, and size; on the other hands, in the age of information, these are not important anymore. Although the Internet has a great influence on the growth of E-retail, there is one thing of concern, it also presents with threat and opportunity. The aim of this project is to compare and contrast E-Business and traditional business in retailing across a variety of criteria from customers and retailers perspectives, and then to analyze the two biggest retailers in the world in terms of E-retailer and physical retailer and then conclude which business is better adapted to e-commerce. Firstly, the project will consider advantages and disadvantages of E-business from retailers and consumers view, then analyses Amazon.com and Wal-Mart by the means of SWOT analysis (which can be defined as Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats) and finally will forecast future retail developments. E-Business Versus Traditional Retailing There are numerous opportunities for businesses to reach new markets on the Internet across nations, lower costs, and relationship-build with customers. For most businesses, opening a virtual retail seems like to be filled with opportunities as well as challenges. The rest of this project will address these opportunities and challenges. The opportunities in E-Business Market There are a number of advantages for e-business. First, with regard to the location, it is clear that online business have the opportunity to access farther than physical stores. According to Dennis and Harris (2002), the three most important elements in retail are location, location and location. Without constraint on geography, the Internet has provided the e-retailer with a store in every home all over the world. Almost every product and service on the Internet has an opening to be sold globally. In other words, e-business sells equally well to anywhere in the country and even overseas, compared to traditional stores. Since building a business online does not need to lease a building on a specific place, which saves a great deal of money on rent. Compared to the existing stores, running a business need to situate on one street, town and country, which is the most expensive part due to paying high-priced rent monthly as well as tax. In addition to location, another factor needs to concern is size. In the past, size of stores was principal when competing with other stores. A large store has the capacity to stock as many products as it can; however, there is a limitation of quantity for those small stores. Thanks to the invention of the Internet, even a small e-business has the chance to vie with large traditional stores. Secondly, as far as the number of consumers and opening time are concerned, online business can reach a larger number of consumers than the traditional stores. Without boundary on the Internet, everyone in the world have equal chances purchasing online. Especially for overseas shoppers, could easily reach web sites in which they are interested. Additionally, with fewer barriers in both time and limitation of consumers, online businesses have a better opportunity to market their product on the Internet. In other words, the problems of time difference between nations and nations have been solved. In contrary, it is difficult for traditional stores to sell further, when considering the limitation of time and geography. In the past few existing stores are opened 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. However, since online business is on the web all the time, consumers with different shopping habits do not have to worry about the opening and closing hours of physical stores. There are many other advantages regarding to online business. Usually, building a traditional store need to concern the expenditure of ongoing costs, including renting, tax, electricity. In addition, for those traditional stores reaching consumers either face to face or by telephone, have to pay for a significant additional cost. On the other hand, for those businesses that open e-shops could save a great deal of money on the wages costs of face-to-face salespeople and the costs of premises. Furthermore, a virtual store may save budget on all the other needless expenses, such as additional training requirements. Many studies have shown that many online stores in the existing marketing making a big profit on account of reduced costs and increased sales. Furthermore, The Challenges in E-Business Market Generally speaking, although there are many advantages for e-business, considering about disadvantages is also needed. First of all, online business is less powerful than face-to-face selling in many ways. In the traditional stores, salesperson with high skill of convincing shopping can be a part of reasons influencing consumers to shop. For example, when going shopping we are always easy to be persuaded by people around us who support for purchasing. On the other hands, due to fewer impulse of salesperson online, it is easier to say no to a computer. Consumers are totally decide buy or not to buy. Moreover, e-Selling is also less powerful than face-to -face selling. For example, for certain products, it is difficulties with products not sold by touch, feel, and smell. E-businesses are lack of theses advantageous positions. A further disadvantage is that consumers have a perception of lower prices online. They expect online prices to be lower than prices in traditional stores. This puts pressure on margins for online business, and can lead to shoppers expecting consistent how prices in store. Looking for low prices online is one of major factors affecting consumers to shop on the Internet. However, such a perception across all product categories may be unwarranted. Only in some areas such as airline tickets and books can find much lower prices on the Internet. Also, there is a limitation for selling products online. Not everything could be selling on the Internet, such as daily products and fragile items, which limit consumers product selection. In addition, cost in Internet customer contact and maintaining technology could be expensive. Although a beneficial thing for e-business is save the costs of wages of salesperson and rent, the system requires regular maintenance to ensure customer satisfaction. Compared with traditional stores, they do not have to pay the extra maintenance fee on system due to most of they are lack a sophisticated computer system. Finally, after-care can be difficult, especially if the shopper is overseas. It is always not easy to collect those unwanted products which have been return by online shoppers. When ever any of products have technique problems, it is a trouble to return it back to e-shop, especially for those overseas customers.Because not only consumers require to pay the delivery fee but also the online shop, which is a burden for both consumers and e-retailer. Drivers of Consumers Adoption There are considerable potential benefits for consumers to shop online. The main reason for consumers to buy online is to save money. In some given products categories, online prices are significantly cheaper than existing stores. On the Internet, shoppers could always get good value of bargains. Furthermore, consumers could also save the cost of traveling to the existing stores, the cost of finding a parking space, parking, walking through the mall to the stores, finding the item in the store, waiting in line at the checkout, Internet shopping provides in-home access 24 hours a day, seven days a week, which enhances convenience by minimizing many of these costs. The other advantage for online shopping is the convenience of shopping at any time of day. On the Internet, the stores are opened 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Consumers could never worry about missing the open hours of the exiting stores. The other good thing about e-shopping is that the webs offer older consumers, those with disabilities, and those live in remote areas to access to information and services. The other motivation for people to accept shopping online is that consumers could make a purchase at home instead of leaving from house. In addition to convenience, consumers could not only save more time on the travel time, but also save the time on walking through all the stores to find what they want, especially when at the height of the holiday. Whether on booking a ticket for an event, purchasing a book, or registering and paying for a fee, the Internet saves time. With regard to breadth and depth of products, consumers could find a great variety of products on the Internet than in any one single store or mall. Rare items can be purchase easily by simply click a mouse; the web sites can take shoppers from one online store to another. The benefit of online shopping is even greater when purchasing foreign-made products. Many traditional businesses will shift a significant part of their operations and selling to the Internet. Growth in the consumer segment is likely to be slower. Security concerns regarding online transactions and the difficulty of modifying consumer behavior can explain the slower pace of growth in the business-to-consumer marketplace. Barriers to Consumers Adoption Although shopping online can by easy, there are a variety of reasons related to security deters online shoppers from making a purchase. Dennis indicated that Security fears as the number one barrier to more consumers shopping online (Dennis et al. 2002). Safety of credit card and other private information are key issues that discourage many consumers e-shopping. A study sponsored by the Better business Bureaus Online found that over 80 percent of users had some concern about security online. (Better Business bureaus, 2005) Most web sites today require users to create personal accounts and provide a lot of personal information. Some consumers are afraid that personal information may be broken in by website hackers or be access by unauthorized organization; moreover, personal accounts provided to online vendors may have a risk to be rejected due to service attacks and human error. Therefore, security of credit card information is quite negative for online consumer. The inability to talk to a live salesperson is another concern for consumers. Even though the Internet brings the world into our homes, customer may still wish to speak to someone to seek advice on the product when shopping online. Also, for older consumers, and those who are relatively new to Internet shopping, exceptionally need a live salesperson to get information they are interested in. However, many of online business have not provided customer service for online shoppers reached by phone, live chat. A report by Data Monitor (www.datamonitor.com) found that only 8 percent of the over 60000 call centers in the US were Web-enabled, and only 1 percent of Web sites currently offer live customer assistance (Venkat, 2001:307). Additionally, the difficulty in returning products is major reason for a large number of consumers not shopping online. BizRate.com, a company that measures post-purchase satisfaction found that in a survey of 9800 consumers, 89 percent said that return policies influence their decision to purchase online. (ibid: 2001:304) Above all, the reason why returns sometimes are difficult may say is because of the lack of face to face negotiations. In addition to returning, the cost of shipping is another concern for consumers. A survey by Greenfield Online revealed that 32percent of consumers surveyed mentioned high shipping costs at the reason for not shopping online (Greenfield, 2002) Most consumers perceive online prices to be lower than prices in conventional stores. It is true; however, sometimes shipping costs can negate other price advantages. Although various products sell at a discount online, when adding into the shipping rate, the consumer may end up paying more than traditional store. Many consumers are still uneasy with online shopping because they prefer to see and touch the goods. Plus, some products are difficult to buy on the Internet. Take clothing for example, it is impossible for online shoppers to feel the fabric. When buying clothes, most people still like to try them on. Online shopping provides a lower sensory stimulation (through smell, touch, music, in-store decorations, etc.) than does offline shopping. (Fernie, J. 2005:106). People incline to use five senses in developing beliefs and bias towards various products. However, on the Internet, only three of these senses can be used. Case Study of Amazon.com and Wal-Mart There are a range of criteria of SWOT Analysis about Amazon.com and Wal-Mart, and this paper will only focus on the areas related to the above sections based on current developments and future developments in how e-retail and traditional retail adapt to e-commerce. SWOT Analysis of Amazon.com With regards to strengths, according to Harris and Dennis (2002:258), Amazon as a US-based multinational e-business company, is the biggest online retailer all over the world. Over the years since it opened its online bookstore in 1995, has established a customer around 30 million people. Besides books, now has launched various products including electronics, computer software, toys, video games and home improvements, apparel, furniture, and food. In addition, Amazon has created different website pages in the USA, the UK, Europe and Far East. It also provides international shipping to certain countries for some of its products. The major weakness for the company is that it heavily depends on external delivery companies, which may tackle a major problem. Due to the rising fuel and vehicle taxation, a potential increase costs should be concerned. As a consequence, the increasing shipping fee may lead consumers rather to visit a local retailer than purchasing online. It is realistic that the rise of Amazon.com has had a profound influence on virtually every sector of business in the world. There are many opportunities for Amazon.com to expand further. One of the priorities is to open exiting stores to solve the disadvantages of E-business. As far as threats are concerned, it is easy to attract competition on the Internet. Since Amazon.com markets similar products as physical retail, it pose a negative impact on Amazon.com within the price competition between e-business and traditional stores. SWOT Analysis of Wal-Mart Wal-Mart is the largest retailer in the world. It is famous for its convenience and a wide range of products all in one store. The retailing giant has annual revenues of over $ 100 billion. According to Grant (2002) the Fortune 500 ranking list, published in 2002, showed that Wal-Mart was the worlds largest public corporation by revenue. These years, Wal-mart has experienced global expansion to 3,600 stores and more than 750,000employees worldwide. Although Wal-Mart stores, Inc. has expanded to the global market, they have a presence in a relatively small number of countries Worldwide. They only focus on the market in the UK, but their competitors are grown in the other countries. Besides, Wal-Mart has a risk in the location of their stores. Since Wal-Mart is the leading physical retailer in the USA, it has a magnificent opportunity to become the largest retailer in the world. Therefore, international expansion will be a huge opportunity for Wal-Mart. Although the stores are currently only trade in relatively few overseas there are many opportunities for future business in expanding consumer markets online. A major threat to Wal-Mart is the intense price competition with online business. Being a leading retailer also represents being the target of competition locally and globally. How to compete with e-retail in the international market will be a major question for Wal-Mart. Evaluation From the SWOT Analysis, it is clear that both mazon.com and Wal-mart have its specific strengths and weaknesses. This evaluation concluded that, based on the criteria mentioned above, the e-retail has competitive advantages over e-retail stores while physical retail stores have advantages over e-retail. With regard to disadvantages, online retail faces many difficulties compared to existing stores. For online retailers, the major challenges are face-to-face interaction and immediate delivery, and this is an area where traditional stores have an advantage. On the other hand, online retail also affects opportunities of traditional retail to certain extents. Take location and opening hour, for example, E-retail outweighs traditional retail stores. Many consumers are willing to select products on the Internet, but would not want to wait for delivery. Due to the need of consumers, it stimulated the boom of multi-channel retail (physical stores plus e-retail) becoming dominant, which has both e-retail and physical retail stores components, provides consumers with a higher degree of satisfaction. Thus, more and more e-shoppers find online shopping and in-store pickup more attractive than pure E-railing and traditional retail stores. According to Harris and Dennis (2002:258), the proportion of e-shoppers preferring to shop from e-sites run by physical retail stores rather than Internet-only is soaring 9 up from 22 percent in October 2000 to 33 percent in April 2001. As a result, many E- businesses are attempted to establish physical stores, and just as traditional stores are also creating online business. That competition is not about E-business versus traditional business. Gandy (2000:122) claim Its about integrating both-pulling together the best of what is available through the physical distribution with the best of the Web world. As traditional companies begin to provide multi-channel services to combine online business and it would make sense for pure online businesses to offer services of physical stores. The example of Amazon.com and Wal-mart also support it. According to The Sunday Times, Amazon.com had planed to open existing stores to support its growing website. (Mashable, 2009) Similarly, Wal-Mart stores Inc. has continually increased the integration of its physical stores with its Internet business, in order to respond with the growing web-based stores. (Reuven, 2000) Conclusion Both e-business and traditional stores has its advantages and disadvantages in many criteria. Physical stores has the edge on criteria such as after-sell service and face-to-face selling, while e-business is beneficial on the wide-range of products, time saving and convenience. The project presented a comparative business channel to evaluate the two types of retails and concluded that whether e-retail or traditional retail stores is not in perfection, multi-channel retail stores which combine the best of e-retail and traditional retail may be more adaptable to the business environment in the future. The analysis of Amazon.com and Wal-Mart has also been highlighted, particularly with regard to integrating e-retail with existing physical stores. These can be summarized as multi-channel retail is becoming a dominant. In 1999, Andy Grove, Chairman and CEO of Intel, once have noted that all companies will be Internet companies or they will be dead. (Venkat, 2001) However, even though e-business is able to provide consumer greater service and choice in a variety of the product, the consumers adoption toward the Internet need to be concerned. It should be noted that a detailed examination of multi-channel retail lies outside the areas of this project and further work could be done in this area, which would be of particular interest to those business involved in this area.

Morris Lapidus Miami Beach Hotels Design

Morris Lapidus Miami Beach Hotels Design Morris Lapidus was one of the most important architects of the 20st century, not because of what he built but because of the way he thought and his willingness to break rules. His architecture manifested both popular culture and the collective unconscious. Through his designs- synaggogues and large-scale housing as well as the famous shops and glamorous hotels-he had a powerful way of enhancing an experience and lifting peoples spirits. His introduction to the Miami hotel scene began when his friend the architect Charlie Spector brought him to a meeting with Ben Novak, partner of Harry Mufson, to edit plans for the Sans Souci hotel on Miami Beach. Morris was sketching various parts of the hotel that could be made more interesting. He indicated that the exterior should have imposing pylons and a circular drive to dramatize the entrance. Several days later he got a phone call from Harry Mufson, asking when he could come to Miami Beach. The two resort hotels , Fontainebleau and Eden Roc, makes us see architecture differently. We can describe the form, tectonics, content, and detail of the resort hotels different as a pedestrian or when we drive a car. Lapidus resort hotels, were stage sets for tpuristic spectacle and glamour more than built demonstrations of distinctly modernist theories and practices. Miami, was the farthest extension of North America into the Caribbean, far enough from the rest of the United States to nurture exotic tropical fantasies. There is a reason that makes both of these resort hotels more prestigious and more as an image of Miami then any other hotel. In 1952, Morris Lapidus landed the job of the largest luxury hotels of Miami Beach, the Fontainebleau and Eden Roc perhaps the most famous hotels in the world. He designed the hotel in such an artistic and symbolic way that when you pass by the hotel by car or as a pedestrian, your brain captures its style and symbols so that you can separate it from other hotels.Fontainebleau and Eden Roc are located in Miami beach, between the beach and Collins avenue, where the best oceanfront hotels are based. It is a perfect location to impress tourist who comes to the beach and sees all the luxury resorts facing the ocean. The fronts of the Fontainebleau and Eden Roc look to the Collins avenue, the architectural structure and the decoration plays a big role in this part. The strategy here is to impress and make the building prestigious and interesting. If you are a tourist and driving a car in the Collins Avenue, you will see several Miami Beach hotels next to each other, almost all of them having the same color and design. Fontainebleaus perception is different than what the other hotels have. You can enter to the hotel by taking the entrance road. You will see multiple tall palm trees aligned and white sculptures matching the color of the building that are located in front of the lobby and on the waterfall. Compared to other luxury resorts, Eden Roc can also be easily distinguished. When by pass as a pedestrian,by car or even by a plane you will be able to compare Eden Roc to other buildings. As a pedestrian you will see that right by the entrance road, there is a big text of Eden Roc with a special font that makes it more unique. As a flying passenger, if you are passing over Miami Beach, you will see that all the buildings are colored white and have almost the same structure. So if you can not distinguish the buildings by its shape which is the case for most people, Morris Lapidu put the text of Eden Roc with the same font as the one at the entrance. Fonts are really important for branding, it gives a perception depending on the type of the font and also makes people remember the brand. These two luxury resorts inside are as prestigious as their exteriors. Morris Lapidus designed a modernism based on north?south connections. His hotel environments were containing Latin designs and tropical themes.   Lapidus interiors were juxtaposing his proven idea to commercial space with regional elements such as natural stone, singing birds and tropical foliage. With the Fontainebleau and Eden Roc, he was called as the as hotel doctor and hotel designer. From the idiosyncratic pedestal base to the bold curves of the two hotels, Fontainebleau and Eden roc broke with orthodoxy and defined Lapidus signature hotel

Islam in the Era of Globalization Essay -- Outsourcing, Offshoring, Fre

A primary question imposes itself. Do we muslims represent an umma in the contemporary world? What is meant by the question is not the umma as known in the political geography asa nation recognized by international law, but the umma is meant here as a concept of universal communal based on self awareness of the concerned entity about its identity on side, and the acceptance of the distinctive identity of the muslims on the other side. Muslims are supposed to be a doctrinal or ideological universal community, united through the entire world by their faith in thinking, feeling and action. They all believe in and they are all committed to Islam and its values of doing good and spreading it. However the concrete reality is that natural barriers such as geography and ethnicity in addition to political, economic and cultural barriers, under colonialism and post colonial era have obstructed the supposed unity of the umma. Nevertheless, the challenges and dangers muslims have been facing in the contemporary world ought to revitalize the awareness of unity and integrity of the muslim communal body. From another angle, the entire world is witnessing an era of globalism through its speedy communications, and transportations with all its negatives and its positives. This may be an opportunity for the muslims to surmount the barriers and gain some kind of unity at least in their thinking and feelings. The negatives of globalism may add to the challenges, which they must face together ,within the limited effective armament muslims may have in the contemporary world. Feeling as one â€Å"Umma† We have to feel genuinely as one umma in a rational mature well organized way so that our relationships work together in coordination and harmony within oneself. Muslims do not live in a vacume. They live in a world full of people with various backgrounds. An umma consciousness ought not to engulf or negate other muslim existential relations in the contemporary world. Islam being the message of â€Å"The Lord of the Universe†-allows and urges constructive natural relations between muslims and whomever they come across for whatever legitimate purpose. Through Islam we must make the best of our potential abilities. The identity of the muslim individual, group and umma can be perceived and universally recognized through truthfulness, honesty and helpfulness rather than throu... ...ily, freedom of faith and religion; health , education, political and socio-economic rights. They should be unhesitant supporters of religious and ethnic minorities and all victims of oppression and exploitation. Conclusion It goes without saying that each country with a muslim majority should be a role model for defending and securing human rights. We as an Umma have a long way to go through in order to assure itself within itself and the complex contemporary world. Whatever the long way it starts with a few steps in the right direction. Let us set ourselves as an umma in the right direction with regards to feeling, thinking and acting, starting from individual groups and going through the whole umma.Deeds should represent our ideals ,since they are the obvious and concrete expression of our identity ,beliefs, and concepts. Europe fostered in modern times an ideology of nationalism and the struggle for it has been able to provide during the recent decades the â€Å"Euro-community† as an enlightening , conceptual and practical model of persistent hard worked for unity. Analysis of an article written by DR. Hameed Anwar in "Islam Today" published 1998

Introduction of the Strategy :: Business, Administration

Introduction of the strategy No organization can plan in detail every aspect of its current or future actions, but all organizations can benefit from some idea of where they are heading and how they could get there. Put another way, all organizations need some strategic direction. Once the operations function has understood its role in the business and after it has articulated the performance objectives, which define its contribution to strategy, it needs to formulate a set of general principles, which will guide its decision-making. This is the operations strategy of the company. Here we assume when an organization articulates its  ¡Ã‚ ®strategy ¡Ã‚ ¯ it has made decisions, which commit the organization to a particular set of actions (as opposed to a different  ¡Ã‚ ®strategy ¡Ã‚ ¯). The pattern of its subsequent decisions then reflects its continuing commitment to the same direction. If the pattern of its decisions changes, some change in its strategic direction is indicated. Operation strategy content and process Operation strategy concerns the pattern of strategic decisions and actions, which set the role, objectives, and activities of the operation. As with any type of strategy, we can consider its content and process separately. Here we treat content and process as follows: The content of operations strategy comprises the specific decisions and actions, which set the operations role, objectives and activities. The process of operations strategy is the method that is used to make the specific  ¡Ã‚ ®content ¡Ã‚ ¯ decisions. Specify the content of operations strategy Operations strategy is clearly part of an organization ¡Ã‚ ¯s total strategy, but people on the subject have slightly different views and definitions. Introduction of the Strategy :: Business, Administration Introduction of the strategy No organization can plan in detail every aspect of its current or future actions, but all organizations can benefit from some idea of where they are heading and how they could get there. Put another way, all organizations need some strategic direction. Once the operations function has understood its role in the business and after it has articulated the performance objectives, which define its contribution to strategy, it needs to formulate a set of general principles, which will guide its decision-making. This is the operations strategy of the company. Here we assume when an organization articulates its  ¡Ã‚ ®strategy ¡Ã‚ ¯ it has made decisions, which commit the organization to a particular set of actions (as opposed to a different  ¡Ã‚ ®strategy ¡Ã‚ ¯). The pattern of its subsequent decisions then reflects its continuing commitment to the same direction. If the pattern of its decisions changes, some change in its strategic direction is indicated. Operation strategy content and process Operation strategy concerns the pattern of strategic decisions and actions, which set the role, objectives, and activities of the operation. As with any type of strategy, we can consider its content and process separately. Here we treat content and process as follows: The content of operations strategy comprises the specific decisions and actions, which set the operations role, objectives and activities. The process of operations strategy is the method that is used to make the specific  ¡Ã‚ ®content ¡Ã‚ ¯ decisions. Specify the content of operations strategy Operations strategy is clearly part of an organization ¡Ã‚ ¯s total strategy, but people on the subject have slightly different views and definitions.

Cause and Effect of Games Addiction

Topic: Cause and Effect of online game addiction There are many reasons people play games: for their entertainment, relaxation, studying and burning free time. Game is a part of human creativity, it keeps people entertained, creative, figure out what to do or better at problem solving. The game can include friends so people will play together or against each other and become competitive. Other than the benefits from playing online games, there are also problems from online games. Two main causes of this addiction is the design and service of the games and the effect is that people have less time.Online game addiction is a problem. The first cause of game online addiction is the design of game. Game designers make characters’ look and act like humans. Thus player is easily manipulated and they can play it by themself without anyone else. Characters have clothes, hairs, body like humans for example. When player click left-mouse they stand and another mouse they go at moment. Som ething people feel this action like they are going and doing. It is really real to see and they are interested with drag their mouse . The pictures are beautiful, natural, and it looks real making the game more fun.The background pictures are many colors, flowers, water, gardens, trees, 3D of style for example. There are many tools and support players which makes the game exciting. This is like that there is a map load when people want to finish their task. Pop-up windows show up when people use their character to trade items with others and act everything with one option. Another cause is the service of the game. Player can exchange items easily and view all traditional items in the screen. Therefore they can save it in the store or take it out of the game.Players keep characters in their account for the next time they will play. Thus game services attract people to upgrade level of character. There more exercise, the better the character will be compared to others. For example if people saw their character less level than their friends they feel shy and spend more time to play online games for winning in the future. Players can get virtual money in the virtual world. They can buy something in game by this money or put real money into game system. So game provider sells account cards for player check and save money or use it in the virtual world.Many players spend a lot of time to playing online game and have too little time to exercise and study. As a result Children get bad grades, fail their exam and don’t help anything about housework for their mother. In addition, players are bad at communicating in real life because it is they can easily talk in the game and they not only act in the play but also send message for others. Player can get sick because they play too much, which means they do not get enough rest and see the computer screen a lot. Some people play action games or violent game that have a lot of strategy to kill so they act the same way in real life.Online game addiction is a serious problem for everyone. There are benefits, but there are also problems. When players play every day, they will get addicted to online games. The design and services of the games are the reasons people get addicted, and there are negative impacts to people. I think people need to talk about children playing too many games. It is acceptable to play games, however people have to limit the time. Players should spend enough time for both games and their real lives. Thus the life is balanced, healthy and useful.

Federalist Paper No. 16

The Federalist Papers: Federalist Paper No. 16 Alexander Hamilton By Joshua Trottier HIST 146 Professor Bramson TTH: 2:15-4:45 Joshua Trottier HIST 146 Professor Bramson TTH: 2:15-4:45 In previous papers I have given you clear reason to support the union for your own benefit. I've presented the dangers that would follow, should the union that binds the states together, break. Finding the correct information can be difficult and it is my goal to help you understand the current status our union is in, in the best manner that can be done.I want to discuss the â€Å"insufficiency of the present Confederation to the preservation of the Union. † It could be asked what reason there is for someone to ask such a question that many men, friends of the new constitution or not, agree upon. This raises the truth of our situation to be acknowledged in order to keep clear of nearing anarchy. The people no longer speculate the facts of our situation, they have been accepted by the masses. The reality is that there were some defects in the scheme of our federal government, which has already been addressed by current members of the Union.Have we reached the final stage of our nation humiliation? There's nothing that could make our country feel any less of it self than it does now from what we are experiencing. Do we owe debt? Have we valuable territories under foreign control? Can we repel this in our current situation? We have no army, no money, and no government. Our country is experiencing many difficulties currently and this is what we have been given by the people who would now discourage us from the proposed Constitution, who have pushed us to the edge of an abyss.My men, let us stand up for our own security, our peace, our pride, and our reputation. Let us find the paths of prosperity. There's nothing wrong with the idea of an alliance or treaty between independent nations so long as their purpose is precisely stated, regulating every detail of time, place, circums tance, and quantity; making sure to leave nothing that could be up for debate between those who will eventually be living with that alliance.Contracts of this kind are apparent all throughout the globe, bringing with them times of peace or war, observation and non-observance, as the powers at head dictate. These treaties; however, if based on the idea of good faith for peace and justice, which goes against human nature, can be broken when the those who represent the people, act on impulses or immediate passion.Abandoning all prior beliefs towards a confederate government would bring the States into frequent battle among their neighboring States; however, If we take action to avoid this situation and readdress the design of a national government, then we would be presented with the opportunity to include in our plan those characteristics that differentiate between a league and a government. The ability to create laws, within the states, belongs to the identified government. If howeve r, these laws did not include sentences or penalties for being broken, then they would only serve as helpful tips or suggestions to the people.The sentences should bring some form of punishment for not doing what had been advised. In a society where the government works internally, will mean that every infraction upon the laws should involve a state of war; this is not a government and no person would freely choose it. It is also important to point out that within every political association that is formed in order to unite a group(s) of people there will that there will be those who want to break free from the common.This is nothing new though, it comes with the love of power. The enemy to power is almost always that power that is being inflicted upon. From this we have little reason to expect our representatives to act accordingly to what we have intrusted them with, for their actions are the result of human nature. What reason do we have to believe that they will in according; pu nctuality, a sense of fair play and good-humor, and to have an unbiased and open view of what the public is presenting them.If the confederacy cannon be achieved without the intervention from a particular administration then there is very little chance that they will achieve at all. Those who hold power over the respective members will take it upon themselves to judge every measure presented before them. They will consider such things as, monetary gain and lose, or their own personal interests before the interest of those who they represent. This will be done in ignorance towards national circumstances or State reasons which in order to have correct judgement, is required.How difficult would it be for sovereignties who participate with each other, from afar, during different times, and under different circumstances to participate with each other towards the same views and pursuits, to hold together if, for example, our popular assemblies are already so difficult to establish a compr omise without any outside source of pressure upon the representatives. Until the States figure out a better replacement for the current government, then congress can do nothing to help keep forms of administration. This situation we are in now did not come by happenstance but by the acceptance of propositions by the Union.

NCAE result and course preference of 1st yr college students of USI SY 2013-2014

Over a lifetime, both every individual and the industry will change; it is expected that many people will change occupations during their lives. Careers can make or break a person and the people around them. Youth of today, however, fail to recognize this. Career planning and preparation are often done during the last years of high school life, more often than not, Career preparation is not happening.During senior year in high school, students are faced with the dilemma on what they want to do right after graduation: pursue college education, learn a trade by enrolling in technical-vocational program, or work immediately. Ideally, counselors should conduct career education activities beginning in elementary school. When students start thinking about their careers in elementary school they are more likely to have better knowledge of their personal interests as well as what career options are available to them (Kayson, 2007).Helping students make successful transitions from high school to their next step in life is one of the most basic, but important tasks a school counselor faces (Lapan, 2007). Skorikov & Vondracek, (2007) contends that career planning should be viewed as a long term, ongoing career oriented process and one time, occupational choice approaches should be avoided. Whatever career decision the high school seniors eventually make, it is important to determine the career decision making process they undergo.It is also important to know which factors they consider or disregard in their career decisions. At stake in making the right career decision is their physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Thus, it is very important that they choose the career that best fits each of them. Villar (2009) stated that most parents aspired for their children to become professionals. Whatever their socio-economic status, they wanted their children to pursue a course that would attach a title to their name upon graduation.Current research and trends have emphasize d the importance of career education and comprehensive school counseling programs in schools. To date, few researchers have asked students directly what they know and need to know for post-high school planning. Most of students, especially from the public secondary schools do not have accurate information about occupational opportunities to help them make appropriate career choice ( Atienza et. al, 2010). NCAE result and course preference of 1st yr college students of USI SY 2013-2014 Over a lifetime, both every individual and the industry will change; it is expected that many people will change occupations during their lives. Careers can make or break a person and the people around them. Youth of today, however, fail to recognize this. Career planning and preparation are often done during the last years of high school life, more often than not, Career preparation is not happening.During senior year in high school, students are faced with the dilemma on what they want to do right after graduation: pursue college education, learn a trade by enrolling in technical-vocational program, or work immediately. Ideally, counselors should conduct career education activities beginning in elementary school. When students start thinking about their careers in elementary school they are more likely to have better knowledge of their personal interests as well as what career options are available to them (Kayson, 2007).Helping students make successful transitions from high school to their next step in life is one of the most basic, but important tasks a school counselor faces (Lapan, 2007). Skorikov & Vondracek, (2007) contends that career planning should be viewed as a long term, ongoing career oriented process and one time, occupational choice approaches should be avoided. Whatever career decision the high school seniors eventually make, it is important to determine the career decision making process they undergo.It is also important to know which factors they consider or disregard in their career decisions. At stake in making the right career decision is their physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Thus, it is very important that they choose the career that best fits each of them. Villar (2009) stated that most parents aspired for their children to become professionals. Whatever their socio-economic status, they wanted their children to pursue a course that would attach a title to their name upon graduation.Current research and trends have emphasize d the importance of career education and comprehensive school counseling programs in schools. To date, few researchers have asked students directly what they know and need to know for post-high school planning. Most of students, especially from the public secondary schools do not have accurate information about occupational opportunities to help them make appropriate career choice ( Atienza et. al, 2010).

Developmental Assets in Education

The rate of growing awareness and evident usefulness of the developmental assets leaves the thinking human with only one option, to explore it. This piece tries to select from the forty listed three, which include: Caring School Climate, School Engagement and Achievement Motivation. Most of these pose as a form of indirect though highly effective helping. According to Dewey and Tufts (1908, 390), the best kind of help to others, whenever possible, is indirect, and consists in such modifications of the conditions of life, of the general level of subsistence, as enables them independently to help themselves. Most of these assets empower people to help themselves. We will carefully throw more light on these in this informative essay.Caring School Climate — The School makes a caring and encouraging learning and playing environment available. An atmosphere that considers others above oneself, where each person takes responsibility for the good of others, reduces emotional clutters as it fosters free flow of constructive positive emotion. This asset is needed by both pupils and teachers because it builds a climate of trust, which serves as the foundation of good leadership. The essence of a good learning environment, however, is making useful contribution to society.Education derives its full meaning when we are able to give of the much we have received back to others to make living easier thereby. A caring school climate is a potent tool that fosters sharing and good nurturing while scripting good habits into the being of all the people immersed in such a culture. It provides forgiving and giving to pupils and teachers alike, which is at the core of all form of significant lifestyle.Lack of self-esteem is a product of learned helplessness. Introduction of a caring school climate will help build the proper estimation in pupils of themselves thereby curbing the occurrence of harmful practices.The school can commit to building this caring climate by nurturing a culture that recognizes people on assembly grounds and in public places by their names and praises pupils’ positive performance. Treat the negative practices as non existent and speak highly of the positive ones. These will give rise to more of what is verbalized.School Engagement — The School engages each young person actively in the endeavor to pass across knowledge. This often requires a deliberate exerting of influence. David Korten (1983, 220) terms it the â€Å"central paradox of social development: the need to exert influence over people for the purpose of building their capacity to control their own lives.† The art of learning involves moving from the known familiar terrain to the unknown remote knowledge issues. In the bid to bridge the gap, the school makes use of varying useful alternatives that make use of the human input zones i.e. the five senses.The more actively information is passed across through multiple channels the better for the learning pu pils. Some students learn better through what they see while many others through their experiences. The more options a teacher engages in actively passing across message in creative ways the more the likelihood of delivering information in sustainable excellent ways. Schools should make use of words, pictures, videos, texts and animations in passing across knowledge to her pupils. Since the whole essence of learning is understanding school teachers need to be more focused on creative techniques that actively engage the mind of the concerned pupils. Active learning holds the human attention span for longer periods.A risk factor that could be strengthened is the encouragement of secrecy. Ill behavioral patterns grow in secrecy. Should a school encourage proper engagement of each pupil, openness will be fostered as each student gains the confidence to share their heart burdens with others who are ready to help. Education is a total sum that must not be isolated.A useful activity that w ill promote the school engagement is the introduction of instructive games in the explanation of complex course modules. This may be a little tough but will help a lot of pupils see the fun side of learning as they reach new levels of understanding thereby.Achievement Motivation — Schools will need to help their pupils create and meet goals that give them a sense of fulfillment on realization. The use of class positions is not entirely bad in itself; however, some more motivations need to be built into the learning system. Learning ought to be fun and that all the time. It will be observed that young people in the kindergarten enjoy learning more than those in the higher classes. This could be traced to the fact that they look forward to the fun of learning as each day approaches. Simple gift items and awards could be introduced to the normal school systems.This, where used, makes learning worth the effort to those who receive them and others who yearn to have such. The direc tion of learning also should be made to traverse the major life skills, not just academics, so as to enhance robust success. Schools need to introduce rewards first on a general level and then for special performances and behavioral patterns. The general reaffirms the confidence of each pupil, while the special places demand on their ability development. Rewarding good behavior will likely promote more of its occurrences.Students who under-perform do so primarily because of their levels of confidence. Pupils need to be helped to believe in themselves when it relates to learning new things. Helping students have a sense of drive towards achievement reduces the risk of failing with low grades for such students. Under-performance is not the core challenge but knowing how to combat it is more pertinent. Student who under-perform fall into one of several categories. Some have given up trying while others are not enjoying the fact that there is only one goal everyone strives to get. Incre asing the opportunities for a sense of achievement for students will definitely promote better grades on end, but good grades should not be the sole motivation for all students in a class.To foster achievement motivation the school can provide plaques and certificates to reward punctuality, students’ attempt to answer teachers’ question and cleanliness. People who try and fail in life are better of than those who never make an attempt. Hence schools should find creative ways to encourage and reward attempts.My personal philosophy of education is â€Å"Adding Value to Others†. I believe strongly that education cannot be said to be complete until the student has been guided to give back – contribute. From its Latin origin, ‘educos’ the root word from which education flowed out stands for ‘outflow’. Hawkins (2000, 44) says that if we ask how the teacher- learner roles differ from those of master and slave, the answer is that the pro per aim of teaching is precisely to affect those inner processes that†¦cannot in principle be made subject to external control, for they are just, in essence, the processes germane to independence, to autonomy, to self-control. These virtues: independence, self-control and freedom are at the core of every truly educated mind and foster the habit of giving. This in essence means that the intrinsic purpose of learning is giving. Hence the developmental assets contribute thus:Developmental assets take on a holistic perspective to learning while it seeks to integrate learning as a societal cultural value; and the interest of others as of higher priority than ours.These assets will contribute in enormous ways at all levels of the human development. These levels include primary, secondary and tertiary education levels. Each of the asset shows a continued two-way contributory flow of support i.e. the society adds value to pupil and vice versa.Developmental Assets are natural and not s ome high-sounding artificial concoctions. If implemented consciously, they will transform the educational systems while turning our societal environment into conscious positively charged value adding cultures.Developmental assets will bring more meaning to pupils learning and education as it places others above self, and in retrospect true meaningful living.Developmental assets flow with intrinsic positive energies, which if carefully imbibed returns great dividends to all who experience its effects. In all developmental assets enrich the pupil, family, school, neighborhood and the larger community. If learned consciously with close attention, these assets have the intrinsic potential to revolutionize education through the creation of a holistic and integrated system.REFERENCESDewey, J. and Tufts, J. (1908). Ethics. New York: Henry Holt.Hawkins, D. (2000). The Roots of Literacy. Boulder: University Press of Colorado.Korten, David C. (1983). Social Development: putting people first. In Bureaucracy and the Poor: Closing the Gap. David Korten and Felipe Alfonso Eds. West Hartford CN: Kumarian Press: 201-21.

Rationale of the Study Essay

Computers can be scary. At least that is what many people used to think, until computers became a regular part of their lives. The fact is, computers have become more â€Å"friendly†Ã¢â‚¬â€easier for the average person to use. In addition, they are becoming more and more important and useful in many areas of our lives—including the Church. A good church provides many services to the community through outreach programs, service projects, food pantries, and youth activities. And of course, they teach the community about salvation through Jesus Christ. The Church is using computer technology to solve problems, to save money, and to better serve the Church members on the local level. Computers have also been very useful in handling the impact of Church growth over the past few years. The staff at Church headquarters would be growing much faster than it is without computer solutions. Today, many churches and other religious organizations have jumped into the technological age. Churches have found new and inventive ways to keep in touch with people and it’s community through the use of technology. Many of the religious charitable institutions have also realized the potential of this modern communication to help raise funds, awareness and get help to where it is needed faster and easier than before. With the ever evolving world of social networks, churches need to constantly redefine and be ready to adapt connection points with their community whether online or in person. Understanding how the live and virtual worlds can most effectively support each other will help in defining how your church can connect. Technology is definitely cool and it is important tool for reaching people today. It makes so many things easier. That is how technology can help your church. The reason why this study is conducted is to provide online information and the power to manipulate all information and processes in the most convenient and reliable way. The researchers proposed newly improvised Online Church Information System in order to help the individuals in meeting their needs.

New York in the 18th Century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

New York in the 18th Century - Essay Example The 1741 New York conspiracy was largely believed to have occurred in the 18th Century. But by 19th century most historians started to doubt about its existence and the justifications of the slave killings that took place. Even Daniel Horsmanden had to try and counteract the criticism by writing a detailed account of the trials so as to justify the court’s actions and wipe the doubts of peoples mind. But his was a one-sided story and did not convince many people. Historians have gone ahead to give an account of what they believe must have been the process of events for the same. First of all, the situation in New York at the time facilitated a lot to the growth of suspicions about a conspiracy. This is because the alleged conspiracy arose at a time of economic decline with increased competition between the colored slaves and the poor whites. There was a severe winter at the time and the British government had just declared war on Spain leading to increased anti-Spanish and anti-Catholic feelings. All this amidst increased fires and destruction of property was enough to elicit feelings of insecurity from the slaves. The 1712 New York Slave Revolt where about 20 slaves came together to destroy property to avenge the injustices they had been put through and in the process killing nine whites and six others being injured, was also very fresh in the minds of the white population. The political factions would also instill fear about slavery to the white community to achieve other objectives.

History and World War II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History and World War II - Essay Example Many could feel the changes coming after the war. African Americans had made considerable contributions to the war effort despite being limited to black battalions in the Army, and ship’s wards in the navy (servants). They felt (and rightly so) that they had earned an equal place in American Society. The return of soldiers was different dependent based upon race. Initially, in the cities, integration naturally occurred. Different races lived and worked side by side. That quickly changed with white families moving to the newly built suburbs and black families moving into the cities to be closer to factory jobs. In essence, society re-segregated itself. â€Å"Class based spatial segregation, which has risen since 1970, is magnified by racial discrimination.† The black poor neighborhoods felt a disproportionate amount of economic pain and discrimination. What the African Americans wanted most was equal economic and social status. Although written before the Great War, the following quote sums up the feelings of the African American community post World War Two: â€Å"A man who is good enough to shed his blood for the country is good enough to be given a square deal afterward. More than that no man is entitled to and no less than that no man shall have. Theodore Roosevelt, Springfield, Illinois July 4th, 1903†. The United States military quickened the process of social equity in this country. Franklin Roosevelt signed an order in 1941 prohibiting discrimination in defense industries. Harry Truman ordered desegregation in the military in 1948. ... They felt (and rightly so) that they had earned an equal place in American Society. The return of soldiers was different dependent based upon race. Initially, in the cities, integration naturally occurred. Different races lived and worked side by side4. That quickly changed with white families moving to the newly built suburbs and black families moving into the cities to be closer to factory jobs. In essence society re-segregated itself. "Class based spatial segregation, which has risen since 1970, is magnified by racial discrimination."5 The black poor neighborhoods felt a disproportionate amount of economic pain and discrimination. What the African Americans wanted most was equal economic and social status.6 Although written before the Great War, the following quote sums up the feelings of the African American community post World War Two: "A man who is good enough to shed his blood for the country is good enough to be given a square deal afterward. More than that no man is entitled to and no less than that no man shall have. Theodore Roosevelt, Springfield, Illinois July 4th 1903".7 The United States military quickened the process of social equity in this country. Franklin Roosevelt signed an order in 1941 prohibiting discrimination in defense industries.8 Harry Truman ordered desegregation in the military in 1948. Dwight D. Eisenhower sent troops to ensure desegregation of Central High School in little Rock Arkansas. With the military and Federal Government in the lead the rest of the country slowly followed toward ending social inequities. 3. Politics and the Economy. World War I introduced the United States as a world power and World War II certainly solidified its position in global politics. Prior to World War Two the United States was